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    Computer aided-program for validation of measuring system from unit step response by time convolution method
    (2005-01-01) ; ; ;
    Phoomvuthisarn, S.
    This paper presents the design and development of the computer algorithm based on LabVIEW for verification of a high voltage measuring system. The algorithm consists of two parts. The first part is a program for calculating the parameters of unit step responses which are verified an ability of the measuring system by a comparison with the values given in IEC 60060-2. The second part is a program for calculating the output voltage waveform by time convolutions between standard testing waveforms and unit step responses. The standard waveforms under investigation are full lightning impulse voltage waveforms, tail-chopped lightning impulse voltage waveforms, front-chopped lightning impulse voltage waveforms and steep-front voltage waveforms according to IEC standards 60060-2 and 61211. This paper considers two different types of the measuring systems, with a resistive voltage divider and a damped capacitive voltage divider for testings. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is practicable, and should be a useful tool for impulse voltage measurements in a standard high voltage laboratory.
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    Design and Construction of An Ozone Generator Based on A Resonant Converter
    (2019-09-01)
    Kitcharoen, Phattarin
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    Phoaphan, Busayapol
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    This paper presents design and construction of the ozone generator based on a resonant converter. Ozone is caused by the combination of 3 oxygen atoms. Ozone gas is widely used in the industry for killing bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The ozone gas doesn't cause residual pollution. The ozone gas can be produced from corona discharge on the area with high electrical field stress. In this paper, the resonant converter was developed for high voltage generation on coaxial cylindrical electrodes which are utilized to produces ozone gas. The resonant converter divided into 2 parts. The first part is the control circuit and the second part is the power circuit. The power circuit was used to convert AC voltage to AC voltage with other frequencies. Additionally, the converter can generate a square voltage with adjustable frequency for finding the resonant frequency. From the experiment, the resonant converter can produce ozone gas effectively.
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    Transient equivalent circuit of a horizontal grounding electrode
    (2012-12-31) ; ;
    Potivejkul, S.
    ;
    This paper proposes an equivalent circuit of grounding electrode which has validity upto a frequency range of sub-sequence stroke lightning current. The equivalent circuit is modelled by lumped and distributed parameters based on quasistatic assumption. In this study, only a grounding electrode installed horizontally is in consideration. The limitation of the uniform distributed equivalent circuit of a grounding electrode is presented. The non-uniform distributed equivalent circuit is proposed. The proposed equivalent circuits are verified by comparison of the results of ground potential rise computed by the proposed circuit, the partial element equivalent circuit method, and available experimental data. The proposed equivalent circuit can be adapted for being the models for development and design of the grounding system for lightning protection system in transmission and distribution systems in an effective way. © 2012 IEEE.
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    Designing HV Reactor With Multiple Air Gap Structure Based on Fringing Flux Factor
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Raxsa, Jedsada
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    Khumpho, Juthathip
    This paper introduces an experimental approach to determining the fringing flux factor (F), representing the leakage flux within the air gap of the magnetic core, for the design of high-voltage (HV) reactors. The formula for determining F was developed from the AC excitation experimental data using curve-fitting techniques on the proposed reactor's reduced-scale model, which features a CC shaped magnetic core with six air gaps. The significant configuration of the model includes an iron core and coil windings. The test conditions for the reduced-scale model are based on the number of turns in the winding, 85 and 300 turns for each coil winding and the length of the air gap, 2 mm. and 5 mm. for each gap. Based on experiments with the reduced-scale model, the developed formula for F demonstrates effective results, exhibiting an absolute error lower than 20 %. This F formula provides a promising guideline for designing HV reactors, with a lower absolute error value.
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    Application of a partial element equivalent circuit method to lightning surge analyses
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Ametani, Akihiro
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    Rachidi, Farhad
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    Nagaoka, Naoto
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    Baba, Yoshihiro
    This paper presents the application of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method in the time and frequency domains for calculating tower surge responses and insulator voltages of an actual transmission tower, and transient performance of grounding systems. Neglecting of electromagnetic retardation effect in the PEEC method in the time domain is proposed to increase efficiency of the method. Incorporation of nonlinear elements such as a flashover model and a soil ionization model with the PEEC method in the time domain is presented. Moreover, an effective way to increase the efficiency of the method in terms of computation time, which consists of the appropriate combination of the PEEC method and the transmission line theory, is proposed. The transmission line model is adapted to combine with the method for reducing elements in the PEEC method. Comparisons of the simulation results by the proposed methods in the time and frequency domains with other numerical methods and with available experimental data show satisfactory agreement. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A partial discharge testing system based on a 5-level converter with different control signals
    (2018-11-01)
    Yomkaew, N.
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    Marukatat, N.
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    In this paper, analyses of a partial discharge (PD) testing systems using a voltage source from a 5-level converter with different control signals are presented. The low voltage source with 200 Hz of the test system is generated using the 5-level converter. The converter connected to a high voltage transformer, a partial discharge detection. The LC-filter type is set for the test system. The efficiency of voltage source from the 5-level converter with different control signal topologies, i.e. 5-level square wave, 5-level quasi-square wave, and 5-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with modulation index (m<inf>a</inf>) of 1.0. The effect of the topologies to partial discharge test system is presented and compared in cases of the voltage difference, total harmonic distortion (THD<inf>v</inf>) of the output voltage, and the background noises in the partial discharge testing system with no-load and load test with a potential transformer (PT). It is found that the 5-level sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with modulation index 1.0 provides the best performance in cases of the voltage difference and THD<inf>v</inf> of below 5%, and the background noise of below 2.5 pC.
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    Partial discharge classification on high voltage equipment with K-means
    This document proposes a statistical classification model using k-means cluster analysis to classify partial discharge (PD) patterns into four categories listed as corona at high voltage side in air, corona at low voltage side in air, surface in air, and internal discharge. The independent variables in this k-means cluster analysis model are skewness, kurtosis, asymmetry, and cross correlation following the φ - q - n PD patterns obtained from the fingerprint analysis which is a digital signal processing technique for PD measurement. The experiments were set to simulate all four PD patterns to obtain statistical parameters into 10 independent variables from the fingerprint analysis. This document recommends using 8 final clusters instead of using 4 final clusters to achieve the accuracy of using this k-means cluster approach to 100 percent. © 2006 IEEE.
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    The effect of convexity of lightning impulse voltage waveforms on accuracy of HV measuring systems
    (2006-01-01) ; ; ;
    Phoomvuthisarn, S.
    This paper presents the effect of convexity of lightning impulse voltage waveforms on accuracy of HV measuring systems. The effects of different three convexities on wave front are analyzed by simulation tests with some standard waveforms. The simulation tests have two aspects. First one is consideration in frequency domain by using FFT with standard waveforms and transfer function of measuring system and second one is consideration in time domain by using time convolution method or Duhamel's integration method for computing waveform outputs standard testing waveforms and unit step responses of the sample measuring systems. The standard waveforms under investigations are full lightning impulse voltage waveforms, tail-chopped of lightning impulse voltage waveforms, front-chopped of lightning impulse voltage waveforms according to IEC standards 60060-2. This paper considers two samples of different types of the measuring systems. The results show that the convexity has effect on accuracy of measuring systems. © 2006 IEEE.
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    Equivalent circuit approximation of transformer insulation by using PDC measurement
    (2008-10-06)
    Roongroj, Ch
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    Praisuwanna, P.
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    Thongkaemkaew, K.
    This paper represents the insulation model of 3φ, 50 MVA, 132.8/13.8 kV power transformer. This model is developed from the polarization and depolarization current measurement (PDC). The insulation modeling consists of a parallel circuit among C<inf>50</inf> <inf>Hz</inf>, R<inf>0</inf>, R <inf>1</inf> and C<inf>1</inf> in series, R<inf>2</inf> and C<inf>2</inf> in series, R<inf>3</inf> and C<inf>3</inf> in series, and R<inf>4</inf> and C <inf>4</inf> in series. C<inf>50</inf> <inf>Hz</inf> is obtained from the conventional measurement method; whereas, the applied step voltage and the sum of PDC are calculated for R<inf>0</inf>. The individual elements (R<inf>1</inf> and C<inf>1</inf>) are determined from fitting technique employing MATLAB program. From experimental results of the tested transformer, the example of insulation model for Transformer No. 1 (T1) is created with C<inf>50</inf> <inf>Hz</inf> of 3.643 nF, R<inf>0</inf> of 334.8 GΩ. The values of R <inf>1</inf>-R<inf>4</inf> are 86.52, 110.5, 669.5 and 271.0 GΩ respectively; while, the values of C<inf>1</inf>-C<inf>4</inf> are 37.62, 6.047, 0.101 and 0.013 nF respectively. The proposed model is validated by calculating dissipation factor and measuring dissipation factor. The results show that the proposed model and experimental validation are good agreement with each others. © 2008 IEEE.
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    Design of Counterpoise Grounding Electrodes Encased with Low Resistivity Material for Transmission Towers
    (2019-05-15)
    Sirachansawang, P.
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    Horchue, T.
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    This paper presents design of counterpoise electrodes encased with earthing enhancing compounds or more effective grounding (MEG) for transmission towers. Approach is based on a full-wave electromagnetic analysis. For counterpoise analysis, the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) is used. In this paper, we use lightning parameters from IEC 62305 as reference. For normal case, the soil ionization and frequency dependent parameters are ignored. In cases high ground resistivity more than 1000 ohm-meter, grounding of long counterpoise makes the capacitive result, this make electrode impedance lower than resistance. The impulse impedance of the four-leg and eight-leg counterpoise electrode in area which is high ground resistivity of 5000 ohm-meter, grounding impedance cannot be achieved because of the result of effective length. The MEG is encased with the eight-leg grounding electrode impedance can be accomplished.