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    Non-isothermal kinetics of the thermal decomposition of sodium oxalate Na2C2O4
    (2012-03-01)
    Chaiyo, Nopsiri
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    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    The thermal transformation of Na<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> was studied in N<inf>2</inf> atmosphere using thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Na<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> and its decomposed product were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The non-isothermal kinetic of the decomposition was studied by the mean of Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. The activation energies (Eα) of Na<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> decomposition were found to be consistent. Decreasing Eα at increased decomposition temperature indicated the multi-step nature of the process. The possible conversion function estimated through the Liqing-Donghua method was 'cylindrical symmetry (R <inf>2</inf> or F<inf>1/2</inf>)' of the phase boundary mechanism. Thermodynamic functions (DH*, DG* and DS*), calculated by the Activated complex theory and kinetic parameters, indicated that the decomposition step is a high energy pathway and revealed a very hard mechanism. © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2011.
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    Synthesis, characterization and dielectric properties of Mn(2-x)znxP2O7 ceramics
    (2013-10-29)
    Sutapun, Manoon
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    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    Manganese zinc pyrophosphate (Mn<inf>(2-x)</inf>Zn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> when x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) ceramics were fabricated by conventionally mixing oxide using the normal sintering method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results indicated that synthesized Mn<inf>(2-x)</inf>Zn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> systems have a pure monoclinic phase without the presence of phase impurities. The lattice parameters and crystalline sizes analyzed from XRD data were changed depending on the amount of added Zn<sup>2+</sup> ion concentration in the Mn<inf>2</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> structure. The FT-IR and Raman results showed the fundamental vibrations of P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> <sup>4-</sup> ion and Mn-O or Zn-O, which confirmed the Mn<inf>(2-x)</inf>Zn<inf>x</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> formation. In addition, dielectric stability of temperature and frequency was observed in the composition, x = 1.0, with a dielectric constant value of 11.5 at 1 MHz. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Sonochemical synthesis of spherical BaTiO3 nanoparticles
    (2013-01-01)
    Vuttivong, Sirajit
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    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    Monosized spherical barium titanate (BaTiO<inf>3</inf>) nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully via sonochemical reaction. The as-synthesized BaTiO<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction of powder, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD pattern of BaTiO<inf>3</inf> particles, which were synthesized under irradiation of ultrasonic sound for 0.5 h, showed sharp diffraction peaks that corresponded to the cubic BaTiO<inf>3</inf> phase. Only a small amount of BaCO<inf>3</inf> contamination was present in the sample. The Raman active modes of the samples in this study were similar to the cubic phase of BaTiO<inf>3</inf>. The average diameter of sonochemical synthesized particles was ∼99.54 ± 18.25 nm. The synthesized BaTiO<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles were almost spherical. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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    Effect of Pb(Ni1/2W1/2)O3 on the phase transition behavior of PbZrO3 ceramic
    (2013-01-01) ; ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    Karbkaew, Amornthep
    Solid solution of (1-x)PbZrO<inf>3</inf>-xPb(Ni<inf>1/2</inf>W <inf>1/2</inf>)O<inf>3</inf>;(1-x)PZ-xPNW ceramics, where x = 0.02-0.10, were prepared by solid state reaction. Dense (1-x)PZ - xPNW ceramics were obtained by sintering at 1,100?C for 4 h. Effect of PNW on crystal structure, phase transitions and thermal and electrical properties was investigated using X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectroscopy, hysteresis measurement and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that the solubility limit of the (1-x)PZ-xPNW system was found at x = 0.04. It was proved that the intermediate phase is an antiferroelectric in the PZ-PNW system. Stability of the AFE intermediate phase was seen to improve with increasing PNW content. Copyright © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.