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    Effect of Installation Angle of Ultrasonic Flow Meter on Water Velocity Measurement in Pipe
    (2017-01-01)
    Siriparinyanan, P.
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    The aim of this paper was to study the effect of installation angle of ultrasonic flow meter on the water velocity measurement in a pipe. The path angles of 45º, 55º, 65º, 75º, and 85ºwere performed in this study. The velocities were estimated by CFD techniques using the realizable k-ε model and measured by a transit time ultrasonic flow meter, and then they are compared with the results obtained from weighing method (ISO 4185). It was found that velocities estimated from CFD flow simulation at various path angles and measured from ultrasonic flow meter had a similar trend. The more difference of path angle away from the recommended specification was set, the more error of velocity measurement was obtained. The velocities at the path angles of 65ºand 85ºwere almost the same because they had an equal difference of path angle from the one that suggested in the specification. The simulated results from CFD had much error than the measured velocities of ultrasonic flow meter, especially at the long distance of path length or at a small path angle. This needed to be compensated with the correction factor.
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    Optimal Design and Installation of Solar Rooftop for Thai government building
    This research presents an approach for installing grid-connected solar cells on the rooftops of a prototype building in Thailand to offset electricity consumption, aligning with TOU electricity pricing. It includes design methods, energy-saving calculations, and illustrates the savings from solar cell installation over a one-year period, without accounting for solar cell deterioration or system loss charges. The study compares the concept of installing solar cells on the rooftop based on the building's electricity usage characteristics, distinguishing between installing solar cells across the entire rooftop area and according to the building's electricity usage behavior during daytime and working days, ensuring minimal electricity remains while still being sufficient for use. Furthermore, it calculates the comparison before and after installation to provide information for rooftop installation on the prototype building. The research results indicate that installing solar cells across the entire rooftop area can save electricity costs up to 550,000 THB per year.
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    Estimating the Power Losses in Induction Motor using Temperature Monitoring
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Nunak, Teerawat
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    The paper proposes the estimation of power losses in electrical machines using a measurement technique based on the temperature of the electrical machine and the heat transfer equation. To demonstrate this concept, the heat diffusivity of the induction motor can be illustrated through thermal images. This research addresses the impact of supply voltage unbalance on power loss in induction motors. The system comprises A contact temperature measuring circuit utilizing the IC LM 35DZ as a temperature sensor and signal converter, paired with a computer equipped with a National Instruments PCI 6014 data acquisition card. The experiment was conducted by adjusting the phase unbalance to 10%, 20%, and 50% to observe temperature changes. This allows for a direct temperature in the induction motor. The primary advantage of this method is that the machines do not need to stop or be removed from their operational process to measure their losses during preliminary maintenance.
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    3D inspection for HDD production process using laser light sectioning
    (2015-01-01)
    Gulphanich, S.
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    This research proposes the automatic visual inspection from three-dimensional characteristics of Hard Disk Drive case tightening process by machine vision system using laser light sectioning. The machine vision camera captures a number of features of HDD perpendicular to a conveyor belt as seen by a laser strip light. The narrow band pass filter (650 nm.) was mouthed in front of lens in order to cut off the unwanted wavelength. After image pre-processing, the laser profiles were calculated the center of gravity to extract the image coordinate. The features used here are the laser strip profile at various locations along the HDD formulating the 3D data. The homography computation was used to transform the image coordinate to the real world distance (in metric system). This scheme can be used to inspect the completeness of screwing process of the HDD which the 2D visual inspection cannot perform on the top view.
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    Thermal image resolution on angular emissivity measurements using infrared thermography
    (2015-01-01)
    Nunak, T.
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    Rakrueangdet, K.
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    This paper reports the effect of viewing angle and thermal image resolution (IFOV and FOV) of Thermal Imager (TI) on the emissivity, with a view to providing a potential temperature monitoring of equipment in the electrical power distribution system which the reliability of system is the most important concern. The results show that the emissivity, which is the most important parameter to obtain the accurate temperature, is approximately constant at the viewing angle less than 45°. In case of the changing of the object to detector distance, this will not affect to the temperature measurement if MFOV at the object level is smaller than the targeted object. This can be concluded that TI is an effective tool to measure the temperature and monitor the failure of electrical equipment installed in the position at far away from the operator.
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    Similarity Model of MWA Thailand Water System for Error Estimation of Ultrasonic Flow Meter
    (2017-01-01)
    Wachirapunyanont, R.
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    Kongratana, V.
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    Gulphanich, S.
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    This paper proposed a similarity model of MWA water system using the dimensional analysis based on the theory of Buckingham Pi for error estimation of transit-time ultrasonic flow meter with clamp-on at different installation conditions. There were three main parameters groups, i.e., pipe characteristic, meter installation, and fluid characteristic and properties and could be arranged in five Pi terms, i.e. E×(L<inf>e</inf>/D), µ/ρvD, L<inf>e</inf>/D, U<inf>s</inf>/D and U<inf>s</inf>/D. The results showed that the relative errors of measurement increased with the decreasing of upstream and downstream of meter at the same velocity and there was a possibility to use the model to determine the correction factor to compensate the velocity measurement of ultrasonic flow meter as the installation could not comply with the requirement. However, the further experiments should be performed for validation of the model predictive equation i.e., E 0.3607 E <sup>.</sup> p m.
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    Detection of Foreign Bodies in Roasted Coffee by using Active Thermography
    (2017-01-01)
    Ngoensod, A.
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    This paper presents the detection of foreign bodies in roasted coffee by using active thermography with real-time thermal image processing. Foreign bodies, including stone, wood, etc., are found in roasted coffee beans contaminated during drying process and transportation. The principle of radiation from objects with different emissivity and heat capacity is applied. The heat radiation from the roasted coffee and the foreign body are different; therefore, the thermal image can be used to identify the foreign objects. The active thermography system consists of a thermal image camera and computer image processing, heat source and conveyor system controlled by programmable logic controller. The testing and experimental results of the proposed system show that the foreign bodies in roasted coffee beans can be found in all batches, however, the number counting of foreign objects are inaccurate.
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    Estimation of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of biological materials using thermographic camera
    (2014-01-01) ; ;
    Songthai, Maethinee
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    This study proposes a method to estimate thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity using a thermoelectric device and a thermographic camera. The experimental results were compared with others literatures. Three different materials including acrylic, apple, and potato were tested. The proposed method has proved to be effective. The experimental results for all selected materials are in comparable range with literature values. The proposed method can be a useful tool for determining thermal properties of solid biological materials with low thermal conductivity and diffusivity values.
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    Monitoring of Food Fouling in A Plate Heat Exchanger Using Heat Flux Sensor
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Suthanupaphwut, Worapanya
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    This article aims to describe the effect of fluid flow rate on soymilk fouling in a flat plate heat exchanger at a surface temperature of 95 °C using a foil heat flux sensor. The experiment was conducted in the pilot-scale fouling test rig for 6 hours each run. Five product flow rates of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 1/min were studied. The results showed that a heat flux sensor could be used to real-time monitor the changes of soymilk fouling deposits formed on the heated surface. Fouling curves of soymilk at flow rates of 3.0 and 4.5 1/min exhibited a falling rate pattern, while at flow rate of 1.5 showed an asymptotic pattern. It was found that the thickness of fouling decreased with increasing product flow rate in the range of 1.5 - 4.5 1/min. At higher flow rates, only a slightly thin film of fouling layer was observed.
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    The uncertainty in sugar solution concentration measurement based on density approach
    (2013-11-04) ; ;
    The concentration of solution used in osmotic process is an important factor to dehydrate water from food, which is an effect to the rate of mass transfer. Therefore, the in line measurement and control of the concentration in osmotic process is taken into account. The density of sugar solution can be computed by volume and weight in order to determine the concentration in degree of Brix. This instrument will complete when accompanied by a statement of its uncertainty. The calibration equation established the relationship between the reading values of sensor and the values of concentration also need to clarify. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the uncertainty of predicted values of calibration equation; therefore, the uncertainty is determined in this study, and to compare the obtained results from the classical method in linear equation and the inverse method. Furthermore, the data from Monte Carlo simulations also are compared to the measured data. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.