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Effect of dietary protein levels on productive performance and carcass traits of Thai native pigs from different geometric regions
(2023-07-01)
Chaweewan, K.
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Kanyarang, W.
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Phonkate, N.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
Southern native pigs (ST) group had significantly higher final weight (P < 0.05). Northern native pigs (NT) had the highest average daily gain (ADG) during the first 21 days of the rearing period (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per gain (FCG) of NT and ST were lower than those of northeastern native pigs (NE) (P < 0.05). The lowest FCG were obtained with 12% and 14% protein diets, and the highest FCG were obtained with 18% protein diet (P < 0.05). For carcass traits, ST had higher slaughter weight, while NT had lower carcass weight, lower percentage of carcass, thinner backfat thickness, lower tenderloin weight, lower fat and skin weight, and lower belly weight, but had higher offal weight, higher percentage of offal and better marbling (P < 0.05). Dietary protein content did not affect carcass traits except for percent belly, because at 18% protein content, percent belly was lower than other groups (P < 0.05). For commercial production, NT could be of greater use because it had lower FCR and FCG without differing significantly in lean content. In addition, NT had higher marbling but lower backfat thickness.
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The utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia) as an alternative litter material on growth performance of broilers
(2023-07-01)
Klompanya, A.
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Srikijkasemwat, K.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Mitrchaothai, J.
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Thammakarn, C.
The findings suggested that water hyacinth and cattail litter can be a viable alternative to rice husk as a litter material for broiler production. The results indicated that there were not significant differences in growth performance of broilers when using water hyacinth and cattail litter compared to rice husk. The discovery was significantly found in rice husk to be costly, particularly in certain seasons or regions, and may impact the cost of broiler production. Moreover, the combined material of water hyacinth and cattail (in a ratio of 1:1) resulted in better growth performance (p<0.05) than rice husk while not causing any negative effects on broiler health. It showed that the combined material may provide a more cost-effective and sustainable option for broiler litter material. Overall, using water hyacinth and cattail litter either alone or in combination may offer a promising alternative to rice husk for broiler production. By using this alternative material, poultry producers can potentially reduce production costs, particularly when rice husk is expensive or scarce. Therefore, these results may provide useful insights for poultry producers looking to minimize production costs while maintaining broiler health and growth performance.
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The influence of fattening periods on chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol and ribonucleotide content of Charolaise crossbred steers
(2022-01-01)
Thiwaratkoon, P.
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Chongcharoen, M.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Setakul, J.
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Vijitrothai, N.
The chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol, and ribonucleotide content of longissimus thoracis muscle from Charolaise crossbred steers fattened for 12 and 15 months were investigated. Chemical composition did not differ between the two fattening periods. Fat content was 4.38 and 4.66 %, moisture content 72.79 and 71.14 %, ash content 1.24 and 1.23 %, and protein content 23.60 and 23.73 % for fattening periods of 12 and 15 months, respectively. Fatty acid composition was not affected by fattening period, except that C15:0 content was higher in steers fattened for 12 months than in steers fattened for 15 months (P < 0.05). There was no effect of fattening period on cholesterol content (P > 0.05). As for the effect of fattening period on ribonucleotide content, only guanosine monophosphate (GMP) of steers fattened for 12 months was significantly higher than those of steers fattened for 15 months (P < 0.05).
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Effects of different starch sources in concentrates on meat characteristics, nutrient composition, and collagen solubility of dairy steers
(2022-01-01)
Sahatsanon, K.
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Chaosap, C.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Sawanon, S.
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Setakul, J.
The influences of three different starch sources in concentrates - ground corn (CO), ground cassava (CA), and pineapple stem starch (PI) formulated as a 40% in concentrate - on meat quality, texture profile, nutrient composition, and collagen solubility of the Longissimus thoracis (LT) of dairy steers were investigated. Meat quality and texture profile did not differ significantly between treatments (P>0.05). Nutrient composition did not differ between treatments except that ash content of PI was higher than the other treatments (P<0.05). Starch sources had no effect on collagen content and solubility in LT muscle. Based on the results of this study, pineapple stem starch can be used as an alternative energy source in concentrates without negative effects on meat characteristics.
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Influence of age on the incidence of wooden breast and white striping, carcass composition, meat physicochemical property, texture profile, and chemical composition of broiler chickens
(2022-01-01)
Jumanee, S.
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Chaosap, C.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Klompanya, A.
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Setakul, J.
The effects of the age at 43 and 51 days on the incidence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS), carcass composition, meat physicochemical property, textural profile, and chemical composition of broiler chickens were investigated. The frequency and percentage of WB and severity of WS did not differ between age groups. Live weight and carcass weight were affected by age, except the carcass composition percentages. Breast, thigh, wing, and leg weights were not differences between groups. However, the percentage of the thigh was higher in broilers at 51 days of age than at 43 days of age. The percentage of meat physicochemical properties; pH3 and pH24 of broilers at 43 days of age were higher than those at 51 days of age (P<0.01). Broiler meat at 51 days of age had statistically significant higher a∗value, while L∗, b∗, chroma, and hue values were not significant differences. There were not significant differences in drip loss percentage, cooking loss percentage, and shear force value. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were higher in 51-day-old broilers than 43-day-old broilers (P<0.05), except the cohesiveness of cooked meat of 51-day-old broilers was higher than that of 43-day-old broilers (P>0.05). For meat chemical composition, the different age groups did not affect the chemical composition, but only the percentage fat content of 51-day-old broilers tended to be higher than that of 43-day-old broilers.
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Effects of microbial fermented liquid (MFL) supplementation on gas production kinetics and digestibility using in vitro gas production technique
(2018-12-01)
Nampukdee, R.
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Polyorach, S.
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Wanapat, M.
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Kang, S.
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Cherdthong, A.
The effects of microbial fermented liquid (MFL) supplementation on rumen fermentation and digestibility of dairy steer using in vitro gas production technique was studied. The two rumen fistulated dairy steers as a rumen fluid donor was used. The levels of source of microbes (yeast (Y) and microbial fermented liquid (MFL) were incorporated with the levels of supplementation (0, 10, 20 and 30 % of concentrate) was recorded. It was found that the intercept value (a) and IVDMD and IVOMD were interacted (p<0.01) between microbial source and supplement levels, while, supplement levels affected on a and the insoluble fraction (b), microbial source affected on b, potential extent of gas production (a+b) and cumulative gas production at 72 h and IVOMD. Moreover, supplementation of MFL with 20 % of concentrate were the highest (p<0.05) of b, c, a+b, cumulative gas production at 72 h, IVDMD and IVOMD. In conclusion, supplementation of MFL could improve nutritional digestibility and a possible productivity in ruminants.
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Influence of charolais sires and seasons on growth performance and carcass characteristics in crossbred steers
(2018-12-01)
Thiwaratkoon, P.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Tuntivisoottikul, K.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Chongcharoen, M.
The factors of Charolais sires, and fattened seasons on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef cattle fattened were determined at Pon Yang Kham Livestock Breeding Cooperatives N.S.C. Ltd., Sakhon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Samples were 18 crossbred (Charolais X (Brahman x Thai Native)) steers. They were offsprings of four different sires (S1 to S4), which were 4, 6, 5, and 3 steers from S1 to S4, respectively. Animals were fed ad libitum with fresh grass, concentrate, and rice straw. In addition, the steers received molasses as a supplement after 6 months of fattening period. The data were collected during 8-12 months of fattening time. Weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) were calculated. After the animals were slaughtered, the data of carcass characteristics were collected and analysed. The results showed that the sires did not affect all the growth performance and carcass characteristics, except the trait of lean in kg (P<0.05) and percentage of lean (P=0.09). In general, sire had no effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics except S4 which frozen semen was imported from aboard showed higher amount of lean meat than others. The fattening seasons affected weight gain, ADG, and carcass length (P<0.05). The winter season showed higher weight gain, ADG, and carcass length than summer.
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The effect of adding mung bean meal supplementation on Napier Pakchong 1 silage on fermentation quality and nutrient composition
(2018-12-01)
Boonkoed, S.
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Suphalucksana, W.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Srikijkasemwat, K.
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Mitchaothai, J.
The effect of mung bean meal supplementation on Napier Pakchong 1 silage on fermentation quality and nutritional value was investigated. The results found that pH of all treatments of mung bean meals on Napier Pakchong 1 silage ranges from 4.17-4.73 was the lowest value found in the treatment 1 whereas highest value found in the treatment 6 (P<0.01). When volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) in silage was recorded, the VBN in the ailage of the treatment 5 had the highest value (35.56%) and followed by that of the treatment 6 (32.98%) while the lowest VBN found in the silage of the treatment 1 (8.57%) (P<0.01). Moreover, the silage in the treatment 6 was the highest nutritional proportion by increasing dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE), while decreasing ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P<0.01). Thus, making silage by adding mung bean meals on Napier Pakchong 1 could improve nutritional value of silage in term of increasing DM, CP, EE and GE contents, but decreasing contents of ash, NDF and ADF. In addition, making silage from Napier Pakchong 1 grass by replacing mung bean meal at 10-20% could be applicable for preserving ruminant roughage.
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