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Solvent-Dependent Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanopowders Using Mitragyna speciosa Leaf Extract: Impact on Piezo-Photocatalytic and Antibacterial
(2026-07-01)
Sanyen, Thanyapa
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Songpanit, Maneerat
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Kansaard, Thanaphon
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Wirunchit, Supamas
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
ZnO nanopowders were synthesized via a solvent-mediated green route using Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agents. Deionized water and methanol were employed to tailor the phytochemical composition of the extracts. The influence of extract concentration (5–20 mL) and solvent polarity on structural, morphological, and functional properties was systematically investigated. Structural analyses confirmed the formation of Zn-O bonds and a phase-pure hexagonal wurtzite ZnO without secondary phases. Surface morphology revealed solvent-dependent morphological evolution toward spherical shapes and reduced aggregation in the methanol-derived system. For antibacterial activity, green ZnO nanopowders demonstrated enhanced biocidal effects against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, comparable to that of commercial ZnO nanoparticles. Enhanced piezo-photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B was achieved under combined light and ultrasonic irradiation, with superior performance observed for methanol-derived ZnO. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic interplay of solvent-induced defect states, reduced particle size, and piezoelectric field-driven charge separation. Scavenger analysis confirmed that superoxide radicals ((Formula presented.)) dominate the degradation pathway by green-synthesized ZnO nanopowders prepared from different solvent extracts. Thus, a correlation between solvent-mediated phytochemical environments and piezo-photocatalytic activity provides new insights for the design of sustainable, high-performance ZnO-based catalysts.
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Influence of Dragon Fruit Peels on the Synthesis of Antibacterial Nano Zinc Oxide (Nano-ZnO) via Green Synthesis Method
(2026-05-20)
Sakulpeeb, Natchayaporn
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Koetniyom, Wantana
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Rahong, Sakon
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Kayunkid, Navaphun
This research focused on adding value to dragon fruit peel waste by utilizing it in the synthesis of antibacterial nano zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) through a green synthesis process. In this study, all the dragon fruit peels were extracted using the solvent extraction technique with three different solvents (deionized water, ethanol, and methanol) for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h, respectively. The amount of flavonoids from the extract was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to obtain the optimum extraction time, which was 4 h for DI water as the solvent. Moreover, antibacterial Nano-ZnO was synthesized successfully by a green synthesis process using zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 and the extracts. The molecular vibrations as well as the crystal structure and morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of the nano-zinc oxide samples was evaluated using disc diffusion method. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were the test agents. The research shows that the X-ray diffraction patterns of all synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited a wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structure. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Zn-O stretching vibrations at approximately 500 cm⁻¹. Furthermore, the FE-SEM reveals that ZnO-yellow particles displayed spherical morphologies with an average particle size of 145 nm. At the same time, ZnO-White and ZnO-Red nanoparticles exhibited a combination of rod-like and elliptical morphologies, with average particle sizes of 168 nm and 321 nm, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial activity demonstrates effective inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli in all three ZnO nanoparticle conditions.
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Flavonoid Extraction from Mango Peels for Nanoparticles by Green Synthesis Process
(2025-09-03)
Wirunchit, Supamas
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Sakulpeeb, Natchayaporn
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Nukaew, Jiti
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Koetniyom, Wantana
This research study explored the extraction of flavonoids from ripe and raw mango peels using different solvents (deionized water, methyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol) over varying durations. The extracted compounds were then employed in synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) via a green chemical process using titanium isopropoxide. Optimal extraction, yielding the highest flavonoid content, was achieved with deionized water after 3 h for ripe peels and 4 h for raw peels. The titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized exhibited an anatase crystal structure, as confirmed by XRD, Raman, and FTIR techniques. SEM images showed that the nanoparticles were evenly distributed and had a smooth surface. The titanium dioxide nanoparticles demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, raw mangoes were found to be more effective in inhibiting bacterial growth than ripe mangoes.
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Biomass-Based Synthesis of Tunable Photoactive Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Antibacterial and Catalytic Applications
(2025-09-12)
Jaroensin, Punsachon
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Nunsap, Janistar
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Khuanchom, Vipada
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Hararak, Bongkot
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Lueangjaroenkit, Piyangkun
The green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles has gained increasing attention due to cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. This research aims to develop an efficient method to synthesize lignin-capped gold–silver nanoparticles (Li-GS NPs). Lignin has recently been reported to function both as a reducing agent and as a capping agent in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. These Li-GS NPs were successfully synthesized via galvanic replacement by using lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (Li-Ag NPs) as a precursor. Lignin extracted from various sources, bagasse (BG), pararubber woodchip (PRW), and palm kernel shells (PKS) were used to investigate the effect of different functional group compositions on the nanoparticle formation. Li-Ag NPs were uniformly synthesized and transformed into well-dispersed Li-GS NPs via galvanic replacement with KAuCl<inf>4</inf>, as indicated by an LSPR shift from 420 nm to 550–600 nm. Li-Ag NPs ranged from 8 nm to 28 nm, while Li-GS NPs exhibited a broader size distribution, reflecting gold-induced growth and morphological variation. Li-GS NPs demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with Ag contributing significantly to bactericidal effects. Additionally, Li-GS NPs exhibited high catalytic efficiency in 4-nitrophenol reduction, completing the reaction within 1 min. Importantly, using lignin as both a reducing and a stabilizing agent is expected to significantly reduce costs and minimize the use of hazardous chemicals.
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GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM LEMON PEEL EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
(2024-01-01)
Wirunchit, Supamas
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Sakulpeeb, Natchayaporn
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Nukaew, Jiti
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Koetniyom, Wantana
This research project aimed to study the extraction of flavonoids from lemon peels using different solvents, namely deionized water (DI water), isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol. Among these, DI water yielded the highest amount of flavonoids. The extracted compounds were then utilized for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through a green chemical method. Various amounts of lemon peel extract (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ml) were mixed with Zn(NO3)2 during the synthesis process. The ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and Raman spectrometry. The results revealed successful synthesis of ZnO NPs, except for those produced using DI water extract, which exhibited a different structure (wurtzite). Subsequently, the antibacterial properties of the ZnO NPs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the disc diffusion method. The ZnO NPs synthesized from different solvent extracts demonstrated effective inhibition zones against both bacterial strains, indicating their potential as antibacterial agents.
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UTILIZING BANANA PEEL WASTE EXTRACT FOR GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATION
(2024-01-01)
Sumang, Rattiphorn
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Jarernsuk, Suppanit
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Chutima, Ruangwut
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Vitayakorn, Narathip
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Panpho, Phakakorn
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully produced through a green synthesis method involving the utilization of waste banana peel waste (BPW) extract. BPW has attracted considerable attention for its attributes as a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic material. To facilitate this process, BPW powder was created by boiling, blending, and air-drying, serving as both a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized AgNPs underwent characterization via UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Furthermore, antibacterial activity tests were conducted on cotton fabrics to optimize the process and assess its effectiveness. The results revealed a distinct absorption peak at 420 nm corresponding to AgNPs, a finding corroborated by FE-SEM and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The application of AgNPs from BPW on fabrics exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Overall, the present findings support the use of BPW extraction as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient approach for the green synthesis of AgNPs with promising antibacterial properties on fabrics.
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MYCO-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED BY XYLARIACEOUS FUNGI
(2023-01-01)
Sutjaritvorakul, T.
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Imsuwan, P.
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Damsud, T.
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Meksiriporn, B.
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Chutipaijit, S.
Metal nanomaterials could be applied in various fields and could be synthesized via living organisms such as plants, bacteria and fungi. Here, the ability of Xylaria sp.5 to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities by the AgNPs produced by Xylaria sp.5 were investigated. The culture broth of Xylaria sp.5 was used to synthesize AgNPs by using 0.1 M of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solutions. The mycogenic crystals were investigated for the morphological characteristics and chemical composition by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that AgNPs were successfully produced. Moreover, AgNPs were tested for α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The crude enzyme derived from rat intestine consisted of maltase and sucrase. The percentage of inhibition at 50 mg/ml of maltase and sucrase was 63.21 ± 0.67 and 54.42 ± 0.11, respectively. This study demonstrated that the supernatant culture broth of Xylaria sp.5 can be used to synthesize AgNPs which possess α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Collectively, this method could be a promising alternative for low cost and non-polluting production of AgNPs which could be potentially utilized for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Layer-by-layer deposition of green synthesised silver nanoparticles on polyester air filters and its antimicrobial activity
(2016-08-12)
Detsri, Ekarat
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Kamhom, Kanrayasiri
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Ruen-ngam, Duangkamol
Silver nanoparticles stabilised with anionic polymeric polyelectrolytes were successfully synthesised by high-energy UV reduction. Three types of polyelectrolytes were used including poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(4-styrenesulphonic acid-co-maleic acid) (CoPSS). The formation of the prepared solutions exhibited surface plasmon resonance at the wavelength of 475, 730 and 408 nm by using PMA, PAA and CoPSS as the stabilising agents. UV–visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential analyser were employed to characterise the formation of the prepared solutions. The silver nanoparticles stabilised with anionic polyelectrolytes were immobilised on polyester air filters using a layer-by-layer technique. This is the sequential dipping of polyester air filters in a dilute solution of cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and anionic polymeric polyelectrolytes capped silver. The surface topography of the polyester air filters were measured by field emission scanning electron microscope. Results showed that silver nanoparticles had the highest surface coverage on the polyester air filters probably because it is a good bonding candidate and insures strong film growth. The multilayers polyester air filters coated silver nanoparticles were tested against the gram positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The deposition of silver nanoparticles onto the polyester air filters resulted in 92.18%, 84.32% and 71.19% of bacteria removal using PMA, PAA and CoPSS as the stabilising agent.

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