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Effect of paclobutrazol on growth retarding in potted chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora)
(2024-03-01)
Piphatwatthanakul, P.
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Boonkamjat, T.
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Saetiew, K.
Paclobutrazol application was compared to the control. It showed a positive influence in reducing stem height, canopy width, internode length, node number, and flower size. Besides, methods of application were insignificantly found. As for the second experiment, decreased concentrations to 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm of paclobutrazol were tested, using the same manner of application as in the first experiment. It appeared that all concentrations of paclobutrazol decreased canopy width, stem length, internode length, and node number when compared with the control treatment, similar to results of the experiment 1. Nevertheless, it occurred in Prakaimat variety that both foliar spraying and soil drenching of paclobutrazol led to increasing chlorophyll content and carotenoid level. Meanwhile, Fiona chrysanthemum responded better to foliar spraying method than of soil drenching.
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Influence of exogenous growth-regulators on physiological and growth processes of dwarf mandarin cv. ‘Miagava-Vase’
(2021-09-01)
Belous, O.
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Soytong, K.
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Vasileyko, M.
The influence of biologically active substances of a new generation as growth regulators on the process of ovary fall, improving the quality of fruits and increasing the adaptive potential of tangerine was investigated. The tested citrus plants are dwarf mandarin cv. ‘Miagava-Vase’. The tested plants have grown since in 1986 at Plantation of Subtropical Scientific Centre, Sochi, Russia. The experimental scheme clarified the three options as exogenous growth-regulators: obstaktin (5 ml/l water); nanoelicitor (1 ml/l water) and siliplant (5 ml/l water). The content of chlorophyll and carotenoids are determined; the assessment of the functional state of plants was carried out on the slow induction of chlorophyll fluorescence. It was found that the treatment of plants with growth regulators did not affect the content of green pigments in the leaves. In the processing microbial nanoelicitor and siliplant increased the number of carotenoids, thereby enhancing the defense reactions. Treatment with growth regulators led to an improvement in the functional state of plants, which was expressed in a higher value of the viability index, especially on variants with the introduction of nanoelicitor and siliplant. The treated citrus plants with siliplant resulted to the highest number of carotenoids increased in the leaves and followed by nanoelicitor. They imply as the activation of protective reactions to the plants. The slow chlorophyll fluorescence inductiuon expressed the higher viability index in siliplant than nanoelicitor and obstaktin. The photosynthetic activity index revealed that nanoelicitor and siliplant gave the highest activity and followed by obstaktin. The coefficient of photosynthetic activity expressed that nanoelicitor, siliplant and obstaktin were significantly higher than the control. Nanoelicitor showed significantly highest plant growth and followed by siliplant and obstaktin. Siliplant treatment confirmed significantly highest mass of fruits and followed by nanoelicitor and obstaktin. The fruits diameter was higher in siliplant than obstaktin and nanoelicitor. The treated citrus leaves with nanoelicitor encountered scoparone, a phytoalexin associated with resistance of Citrus to root rot.
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Chitosan- and κ-carrageenan-based composite coating on dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) pretreated with plant growth regulators maintains bract chlorophyll and fruit edibility
(2021-04-30)
Nguyen, Hanh Thi
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Boonyaritthongchai, Panida
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Buanong, Mantana
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Wongs-Aree, Chalermchai
Dragon fruit undergoes rapid senescence resulting in yellowing and wilting of bracts during storage. This study identified the synergistic effect of gibberellic acid (GA<inf>3</inf>) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) dipping combined with chitosan- and κ-carrageenan-based composite coating on the postharvest quality of dragon fruit during storage at 10 °C, 90–95 % RH. Coating with 1.0 % chitosan and 0.2 % κ-carrageenan- based composite decreased the fruit weight loss to lower than 5 % after 30 days of storage and had a positive effect on reducing disease infection. Fruit dipped in 50 mg L−1 GA<inf>3</inf> or 0.1 mM MeJA for 5 min was maintained a better bract quality compared to the control. The treatment of 1.0 % chitosan and 0.2 % κ-carrageenan- based composite combined with 50 mg L−1 GA<inf>3</inf> or 0.1 mM MeJA pretreatment retained a higher chlorophyll content in bracts (47.98 and 48.43 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively) compared to the coating alone with 1.0 % chitosan and 0.2 % κ-carrageenan- based composite (45.46 mg 100 g−1 DW) via inhibiting the activities of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes. However, bract colour was maintained in all coating treatments compared to the control. The composite coating alone or pretreatment with MeJA significantly maintained titratable acidity, while the combination of GA<inf>3</inf> or MeJA pretreatment and coating retained total soluble solids and increased vitamin C content. No treatment was found to have a significant effect on fruit firmness, ethanol and acetaldehyde, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and disease symptoms. We concluded that the chitosan- and κ-carrageenan-based composite coating was crucial for maintaining the freshness and bract colour, and in combination with GA<inf>3</inf> or MeJA pretreatment was better in retaining chlorophyll content and dragon fruit eating quality.
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Effect of short-term anoxia treatment on endogenous ethanol and postharvest responses of broccoli florets during storage at ambient temperature
(2021-02-05)
Techavuthiporn, Chairat
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Thammawong, Manasikan
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Nakano, Kohei
Color change is the main factor limiting quality and shelf-life of broccoli florets. The aim of this recent work was to investigate the effectiveness of anoxia treatment on appearance and the contents of chlorophylls and ascorbic acid of broccoli florets during storage at ambient temperature. In preliminary experiment, the broccoli florets were treated in anoxia condition for 24 h. It was found that the exposure period between 18−24 h was the most effective for delaying broccoli florets yellowing. Therefore, the confirmatory experiment of short-term anoxia treatment for 18, 20, 22 and 24 h was carried out to verify ethanol concentration after treatments and color, chlorophylls and ascorbic acid contents were investigated in broccoli florets during storage at 20 ± 1 °C (85–95 % RH) for 3 d. It was found that the longer exposure time was used, the more production of ethanol occurred which the highest level of ethanol was recorded in the treatment of 24 h (951.98 mg kg−1). Anoxia treatment maintained both L* and hue angle values by delaying the degradation of chlorophyll contents during storage. Florets started to turn yellow when total chlorophyll content was about 500 mg kg−1. It was also noted that during 20 h of anoxia treatment, the total ascorbic acid losses was relatively delayed in broccoli florets better than that of other treatments. However, higher ethanol content was observed in an excessive treatment of anoxia-treated broccoli for 22−24 h which contributed to a dark colorization and water soaking of floret tissues. It revealed that, broccoli florets with an appropriate level of endogenous ethanol is a relevant method to retard yellowing of broccoli floret stored at ambient temperature. Our purpose in this present work also indicate that anoxia treatment practicable for using as non-chemical and simple postharvest technology in maintaining visual appearance and delaying the loss of ascorbic acid in broccoli florets during short-term storage at ambient temperature.
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Ultraviolet-C treatment maintains physicochemical quality of water bamboo (Zizania latifolia) shoots during postharvest storage
(2019-06-01)
Wen, Bo
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Cheng, Zechao
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Hu, Yanmei
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Boon-Ek, Yaowapa
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Wongs-Aree, Chalermchai
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) treatment has been used as a method to maintain postharvest quality for many kinds of fruits and vegetables. In this study, we investigated the effects of UV-C treatment on physicochemical changes in water bamboo shoots (WBS) during storage. WBS were treated with UV-C at the doses of 0 (control), 1.06, 2.12, 3.18, 4.24, 5.30, and 6.36 kJ m −2 at 20 °C ± 2 °C for 2 d. The increase in greenness of WBS was inhibited by all UV-C treatments, but the 4.24 kJ m −2 UV-C treatment maintained lightness and whiteness index values of WBS better than other treatments. Thus, the 4.24 kJ m −2 UV-C treatment was selected for use to determine the physicochemical quality of WBS during refrigeration at 10 °C. The UV-C treatment retarded the increases in greenness, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, resulting in maintenance of the whiteness index and colour attributes. It also prevented toughness by retarding lignin increase during storage. Moreover, it induced antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds, especially total phenol, and maintained the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and catalase during storage. However, the UV-C treatment did not affect ascorbic acid content and the activities of ascorbic acid peroxidase and guaiacol-peroxidase. These results indicated that UV-C treatment at the dose of 4.24 kJ m -2 is a potential alternative for maintaining physicochemical quality and improving the nutritional quality of WBS during storage.
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Eucalyptus and citronella essential oils used in preservative solutions affect the vase life of cut philodendron leaves
(2019-02-01)
Yonsawad, Nipaporn
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Teerarak, Montinee
Cut leaves of Philodendron sp. (philodendron plu jeeb) are often used in bouquets and flower arrangements. Keeping quality is a key criterion for assessing the value of a cut leaf, by growers, traders, and consumers alike. This study set out to determine the influence of the essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (eucalyptus) and Cymbopogon nardus Rendle (citronella) on the vase life of cut leaves of the philodendron plu jeeb. Vase life was assessed in terms of relative fresh weight, electrolyte leakage, pigment content, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and antioxidant activity. Philodendron plu jeeb petioles were treated with preservative vase solutions of distilled water and 12.5 µg·mL-1 eucalyptus essential oil, 25 µg·mL-1 eucalyptus essential oil, 12.5 µg·mL-1 citronella essential oil, and 25 µg·mL-1 citronella essential oil. Cut leaves were held at room temperature (c. 30°C) in daylight and with natural ventilation. Eucalyptus essential oil at 12.5 µg·mL-1 in the vase solution significantly increased leaf vase life and helped maintain relative fresh weight. The essential oils had positive effects on the retention of membrane integrity and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging assay). They also had inhibitory effects on hydrogen peroxide accumulation and on chlorophyll and carotenoid degradation. The results indicate that 12.5 µg·mL-1 eucalyptus essential oil has potential as a vase-life extender for cut leaves of the philodendron plu jeeb.
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Hydrocarbon production and biodiesel properties of a green microalga Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2 cultivated outdoor in open pond and closed photobioreactor
(2018-03-01)
Ruangsomboon, Suneerat
Botryococcus braunii is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In general, selection of the most suitable cultivation systems is based on profitable yield and oil quality. The feasibility of using this alga as feedstock for commercial biodiesel production was tested by comparing the cultivation in open pond and closed photobioreactor under the 5 g⋅kg-1 optimum salinity condition previously found, and the results were that the hydrocarbon content (40.7±1.6%) of the alga cultivated in open pond was higher than that cultivated in the photobioreactor and its biomass (2.9±0.1 g⋅L-1) was much higher; its biodiesel properties, however, were nearly identical with cetane values of 48.15-56.99. Drastically different though were the hydrocarbon yields-cultivation in the open pond produced 2.3 times higher yield than the closed photobioreactor. Hence, outdoor cultivation under optimum salinity in open pond was considered suitable for biodiesel production by this algal strain.
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In vitro plant growth promotion by ZnO nanomaterials in indica rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)
(2018-01-01)
Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Whalley, Anthony J.S.
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Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
This research focuses on zinc oxide nanomaterials (nano-ZnO) applied to agricultural fields. Plants were exposed to nanomaterials and responded differently in tolerance to the various concentrations and types of nanomaterials. Two cultivars (SP1 and SP90) of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were grown at 0-1,000 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO and their morphological and physiological response was determined. Rice seedlings were harvested 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatments. Results demonstrated a significant increase in biomass, growth tolerance index (GTI), chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of the treated plant at 100 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO but these parameters decreased with increasing nano-ZnO concentration in the treated plants at 300-1,000 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO when compared to control plants (0 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO). The high accumulations of biomass, GTI and chlorophyll contents were related to production of antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and peroxidase) in plant cells when plants were exposed to a low dose of nano-ZnO. Further investigations will determine the effect of nano-ZnO on the plant productivity.

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