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    Floating Series RC Impedance Simulator Using Single FB-VDBA
    (2020-03-01)
    Pimpol, Jirapun
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    Channumsin, Orapin
    ;
    This article introduces a floating series RC impedance simulator circuit employing a single fully-balanced voltage differencing buffered amplifier (FB-VDBA), as an active element. The presented simulation includes only one FB-VDBA, a single resistor, and a single capacitor. The simulated equivalent series resistance and capacitance values are alterable via the DC biasing current of the FB-VDBA. As a demonstrative application, the presented floating series RC impedance is applied to configuration a 2<sup>nd</sup> order high-pass filter. To evaluate the correctness operation of the presented circuit and its application, the simulation results based upon TSMC 0.25-μm CMOS technology are also contained.
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    Dual-mode multifunction filter realized with a single voltage differencing gain amplifier (vdga)
    (2021-01-01) ; ;
    Channumsin, Orapin
    This article presents the dual-mode multifunction biquad filter realized employing only a single voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), one resistor and three capacitors. The proposed filterwith one input and three outputs can configure as voltage-mode or current-mode filter circuit with the appropriate input injection choice. It can also synthesis the three standard filter functions, which are highpass, bandpass, and lowpass responses without modifying the circuit configuration. Orthogonal adjustment between the natural angular frequency (ωo) and the quality factor (Q) of the filter is achieved. Detail analysis of non-ideal VDGA effects and circuit component sensitivity are included. The circuit principle is verified by means of simulation results with TSMC 0.35-μm CMOS process parameters.
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    Design and Synthesis of Capacitance Multiplier Using LT1228s and a Grounded Capacitor
    (2026-01-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
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    ;
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    In this study, the design and synthesis of a grounded capacitance multiplier is discussed. The proposed circuit consists of two commercially available integrated circuits (ICs) named LT1228, together with a single grounded capacitor as a passive element. The transconductance gain of LT1228 allows for electronic control of the simulated equivalent capacitance value. The LT1228 transconductance gain is easily adjusted through the external bias current, which has a wide adjustable range of 1 µA to 1 mA. No component matching is required for the designed simulator. A non-ideal analysis of the proposed circuit has been investigated in detail. The workability of the proposed circuit and its application example as a first-order lowpass filter has been confirmed with the theoretical findings through PSPICE software. The results indicate that the proposed simulator has excellent performance and matches the theory.
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    Active tunable lossy inductance simulation using single fully balanced voltage differencing buffered amplifier
    (2021-03-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
    ;
    ;
    Two active configurations for simulating tunable floating and grounded lossy inductors are described. Each simulated inductor circuit contains only a single fully balanced-voltage differencing buffered amplifier (FB-VDBA), one resistor, and one capacitor. The equivalent values of the simulated elements can be tuned independently through the FB-VDBA’s bias current and/or the resistor in the circuit. Non-ideal analysis of the synthetic inductors is also provided. The practical use of the proposed FB-VDBA based lossy inductance simulators is demonstrated on both a second-order RLC low-pass filter and a parallel RLC resonance circuit. PSPICE simulation results are provided to evaluate the presented theory.
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    On the Design of Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifier (DDTA) and Its Applications
    (2026-03-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
    ;
    Yaruan, Panurut
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    This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel active building block termed the Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifier (DDTA). The proposed DDTA integrates the characteristics of the Differential Difference Amplifier (DDA) and the Transconductance Amplifier (TA) to enhance flexibility in analog signal processing. It comprises three TA stages—two forming a DDA structure and one functioning as a TA—allowing independent electronic tuning of transconductance gain (gm). The DDTA features a simple architecture, wide input capability, extremely high input impedance, and high output resistance at both intermediate and output current terminals, enabling accurate current-mode signal processing with minimal loading effects. To demonstrate its versatility, a voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter and dual-mode quadrature oscillator, both based on a single DDTA and utilizing only two capacitors, have been designed and simulated. PSPICE simulation results confirm wide linear voltage-to-current conversion, wideband transconductance performance, and robust impedance characteristics, all in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. These features validate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed approach for modern analog circuit designs.
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    Automatic Monitoring and Controlling System for Hydroponics Greenhouse Environments Through Smartphone Application
    (2022-01-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
    ;
    Trancharoen, Jirasin
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    Sonchaiyaphum, Sarut
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    Pimpol, Jirapun
    ;
    This article proposes the design and construction of environmental control systems for hydroponics grown vegetables that enable automated control over the environment inside the greenhouse to be most suitable for the plants growth by using microcontroller processing. The systems can track various measurements such as temperature, humidity, intensity of light, water pH value, and water level in a greenhouse by using Blynk application on a smartphone as well as LCD display screen surrounding the greenhouse area. In addition, the systems can automatically control the operation of ventilation fans and mist sprayer machine according to the specified humidity temperature value and it can be set ON and OFF timer for whirlpool pump and LED light bulbs. Moreover, after a 42-day-Testing period of planting three varieties of lettuce, which are Red Oak, Green Oak, and Frillice Iceberg Lettuces, it has been found that Red Oak lettuces have an average width of 21.2 cm, a length of 26.4 cm with a weight of 120 gram, while Green Oak lettuces have an average width of 8.1 cm., a length of 31.0 cm with a weight of 120 gram and lastly, Frillice Iceberg Lettuce has an average width of 19.0 cm, a length of 46.9 cm and a weight of 200 gram.
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    VDGA-Based Resistorless Mixed-Mode Universal Filter and Dual-Mode Quadrature Oscillator
    (2025-05-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
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    Tangjit, Jetwara
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    ;
    This study introduces an electronically tunable resistorless mixed-mode universal filter and dual-mode quadrature oscillator configuration utilizing merely two voltage differencing gain amplifiers and two grounded capacitors. The suggested filter can perform all generic biquadratic filter functions in all four modes: voltage mode, trans-admittance mode, current mode, and trans-impedance mode, while utilizing the same design. The pole frequency and the quality factor can be tuned electronically and orthogonally by means of the transconductances of the voltage differencing gain amplifier. The dual-mode quadrature oscillator featuring both voltage and current outputs can also be obtained from the proposed filter core. It additionally provides separate electronic control of the oscillation condition and frequency. Several PSPICE simulations with the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS model confirm the feasibility of the proposed configurations. Both proposed circuits were experimentally evaluated using commercially available integrated circuit LM13600s. Both simulation and experimental results have validated the performance of the design.
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    Compact Dual-Mode SITO Universal Filter and Quadrature Oscillator with only Single VDGA
    (2020-06-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
    ;
    This study describes the synthesis of a single-input three-output (SITO) universal filter and a sinusoidal quadrature oscillator employing only a single voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA). The proposed circuit can work either SITO universal filter or QO with the same circuit structure. Both of the realized circuits also produce both voltage and current output signals simultaneously. The dual-mode SITO filter can simultaneously synthesize the main principal filter types (i.e. LP, BP and HP) without altering circuit structure. In contrast, the proposed sinusoidal quadrature oscillator can produce two duplicate sinusoid waveforms with 90° phase shift. Additionally, all the proposed circuits provide the benefit property of separate controlling of the significant parameters.
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    Low-Cost Smartphone-Controlled Exercise Machine for Arm and Leg Muscles
    (2026-01-01)
    Pimpol, Jirapun
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    Channumsin, Orapin
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    Pattoom, Pongwat
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    Weawthaisong, Wipakpong
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    Singusaha, Orathai
    This work proposes the design of a smart exercise machine for arm and leg muscles. The designed muscle arm and leg exercise machine can be controlled wirelessly through a smartphone application, which features a 3-level speed adjustment function. The motor speeds for arm muscle exercises are defined as 180, 210, and 240 rpm, while the speeds for leg muscles are set as 240, 270, and 300 rpm, respectively. In addition, the proposed machine incorporates a time function for muscle exercise and it can control the spin direction to rotate either forward or backward, depending on the requirement, using a microcontroller. Furthermore, it can display the distance traveled by an application on a smartphone. The experimental operation of the automatic arm and leg exercise machine revealed that it could accomplish its intended functionality.
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    Single VDGA-based dual-mode multifunction biquadratic filter and quadrature sinusoidal oscillator
    (2020-01-01) ; ;
    Channumsin, Orapin
    This article relates to the realization of voltage-mode and/or current-mode multifunction biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator circuits each using one voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), two resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed dual-mode filter having one output and three inputs can provide the three standard biquadratic transfer functions with both voltage and current output filter responses simultaneously. It also has the independent tuning of the angular resonance frequency and the quality factor. With a slight modification of the proposed filter, a new dual-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator can be obtained. The proposed quadrature oscillator provides orthogonal resistive/electronic control of both oscillation condition and oscillation frequency. Non-ideal and parasitic conditions are also examined and their effects on the circuit performance are discussed. To confirm the theory, several computer simulation results with PSPICE program are given.