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    Realization of Lossy Parallel Inductance Simulator Using Single VDGA and a Grounded Capacitor
    (2022-01-01)
    Satansup, Jetsdaporn
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    ; ;
    An active lossy parallel type inductance simulator is proposed in this study. Only a single voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA) and a grounded capacitor are used in the proposed design. The realized equivalent resistance (Req) and equivalent inductance (Leq) can be adjusted electronically via the transconductance gain of the VDGA device. The influence of the non-idealities of the VDGA on the realized simulator is examined in detail. The suggested active inductance simulator is used to realize the second order voltage mode highpass filter, which is simulated using the PSPICE simulation program to ensure that it performs as expected.
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    Cascadable First-Order and Second-Order Inverse Filters Based on Second-Generation Voltage Conveyors
    (2025-02-01) ;
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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    This study introduces four novel configurations of first-order and second-order multifunction inverse filters in both voltage-mode (VM) and current-mode (CM) using second-generation voltage conveyors (VCIIs). The first-order VM and CM inverse filters utilize only three passive components together with one VCII for VM and two VCIIs for CM realizations, which can provide lowpass and highpass inverse filter responses. The latter, second-order VM and CM multifunction inverse filters, can be constructed using the corresponding first-order inverse filters as their core circuits. These filters offer all the basic inverse filter functions, including lowpass, bandpass, and highpass inverse responses with all gains obtained from the same design. All the inverse filter realizations are cascadable. No component matching requirements are necessary for all filter responses. The non-ideal effects of the VCII on the performance of the proposed inverse filters are thoroughly examined. To prove the feasibility of the designs, the PSPICE program performed several simulations, utilizing model parameters of 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Some testing experiments were conducted using the commercially available IC-type AD844s for evaluating the practical performance of the designed inverse filters.
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    Grounded Series/Parallel RL/RC Immittance Simulations with a Single VDTA
    This paper discusses actively simulated RL and RC immittance simulator circuits. Only one voltage difference transconductance amplifier (VDTA) and one grounded capacitor are required for each realized simulator. The proposed simulator concept can realize all the possible series and parallel RL/RC impedance functions, with the simulated equivalent elements being tunable both electronically and separately through the VDTA's transconductance gains. The impacts of VDTA non-idealities on realized simulator performance are examined. The numerical simulations using PSPICE program, as well as experimental measurements utilizing commercially available IC CA3080s, are provided to prove the practicability of the circuits.
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    FDNC realization and its application to FDNR and filter realizations
    (2016-01-01)
    Theingjit, Sasitapom
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    A simple circuit for the realization of the frequency-dependent negative conductance (FDNC) using active transconductance (C) elements is discussed. Based on the realized FDNC as fundamental circuit element, the frequency-dependent negatIve resistances (FDNR) can also be obtained. The equivalent value of the realized D element can be adjusted electronically by means of the transconductance parameters. Both simulator circuits do not require the component-matching condition , and enjoy employing only C, c ells together with two grounded capacitors; accordingly, they are canonical structures and convenient for integration. Simulation results with TSMC 0.35-urn CMOS technology are presented to validate the characteristics of the realized simulator circuits and application.
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    Electronically tunable phase shifter using CDTAs
    (2009-12-01)
    Marungreang, Nattaphon
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    Tanjaroen, Wason
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    The realization of an electronically tunable phase shifter using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) as active components is presented. The proposed filter employs only two CDTAs and one virtually grounded capacitor, which its phase shift can be electronically adjusted by varying the bias current of the CDTA. The circuit also exhibits high-output impedance, which is easy cascading in the current-mode operation. As application example, the current-mode biquad filter based on the proposed CDTA-based phase shifter circuit is also presented. PSPICE simulation results of the proposed circuit and its application are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.
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    Automated Elderly-Tracking Robot Prototype Using an AI-Based Vision Camera
    (2026-01-01)
    Pimpol, Jirapun
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    Mongkolwai, Pratya
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    This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated elderly-tracking robot prototype that integrates an AI-based HuskyLens vision sensor with ultrasonic sensors for target detection, tracking, and obstacle avoidance. Sensor data are processed by an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which controls TorqueNADO motors to achieve autonomous navigation and real-time motion control. The system also incorporates an ESP32-CAM module to provide live video streaming of the elderly user via the Blynk smartphone application, enabling remote monitoring over the Internet. In addition, the prototype supports a maximum payload of 3 kg for carrying essential lightweight items for elderly users. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed robot meets the intended design objectives and validates the practical feasibility of the system.
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    Two-Quadrant Current-Mode Logarithmic and Anti-logarithmic Amplifiers with Temperature Compensation
    This paper proposes circuit topologies for realizing two-quadrant current-mode logarithmic and anti logarithmic amplifier configurations with temperature compensation. The design approach employs the translinear approach to generate the output currents that directly correspond to the absolute values of the logarithmic and anti logarithmic functions. The proposed circuits can operate at a low-level supply voltage of 2V with both input and output current signals. A detailed examination of the non-ideal circuit performance has also been considered. To validate their functionality and illustrate their superior thermal stability, the developed circuits have been simulated. All simulations were conducted via PSPICE for a real bipolar transistor model of the HFA3096 technology.
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    Grounded Series/Parallel RC Impedance Simulators with a Single VDBA
    (2023-01-01) ; ;
    Fukuhara, Masaaki
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    This article presents grounded RC series/parallel impedance simulator circuits employing a single voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA) as an active element. The proposed RC series impedance simulator consists of one capacitor and one resistor, while the proposed grounded RC parallel type requires only a single capacitor as a passive element. The simulated equivalent resistance and capacitance values can be tuned electronically through the transconductance gain of VDBA device which can be adjusted by means of the external biasing current. The performance validation of the proposed circuits including the resonant circuit application is proved by simulation results via PSPICE software based on TSMC 0.25-μ m CMOS technology.
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    CDTA-based current limiters and applications
    In this paper, a synthesis of analog current limiter (CL) building blocks based on a current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is proposed. The breakpoint and the slope of the resulting transfer characteristic obtained from the proposed CDTA-based CLs are electronically programmable through the external bias currents. To demonstrate versatility of the proposed electronically tunable CLs, some nonlinear applications to programmable current- mode precision full-wave rectifier and piecewise-linear function approximation generators are also presented. SPICE simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed circuits. © 2008 IEEE.
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    Grounded Parallel RL, RC, and LC Immittance Simulators Using VDBAs and Passive Elements
    (2022-01-01)
    Mongkolwai, Pratya
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    ; ;
    This communication suggests a grounded parallel RL, RC, and LC immittance simulator. In this circuit, two voltage differencing buffered amplifiers (VDBAs) with two passive components are proposed. The VDBA device's transconductance gain can be used to electronically adjust the realized equivalent resistance (Req), inductance (Leq), and capacitance (Ceq), which is conditional on the choice of the passive element. The effect of the VDBA's non-idealities on the realized simulator is studied in this research. The second order voltage mode bandpass filter is realized using the proposed active LC parallel simulator, which is simulated using the PSPICE simulation program to ensure that it operates as desired.