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    Item type:Publication,
    Toward Interoperable SCADA: Node-RED-Based Edge Integration of Heterogeneous PLCs and IoT Devices
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Kaewchaiwong, Sattachai
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    Ukakimaparn, Prapart
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    This article presents a novel approach to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) design that emphasizes interoperability through edge integration, using Node-RED as an open-source programming platform deployed on an industrial edge computer. The proposed architecture integrates multiple-vendor programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway at the edge layer to enable seamless interoperability across local control systems. A lab-scale case study demonstrates the feasibility of this integration, featuring four remote terminal units (RTUs) communicating concurrently with a SIMATIC IPC327G edge computer via standard protocols. Specifically, a SIMATIC S7-1200 (RTU-1), MELSEC iQ-F FX5U (RTU-2), and CompactLogix 1769-L30ER (RTU-3) control an object sorting station, a parcel sorting station, a water temperature control station, respectively, while a UG65 gateway (RTU-4) enables bidirectional data transfer between the edge computer and LoRaWAN devices. The inclusion of InfluxDB alongside Node-RED supports data logging and reporting functionalities. By distributing protocol translation, data processing, and shop-floor supervisory control to the edge layer, the architecture achieves real-time, vendor-neutral data orchestration while maintaining compatibility with a higher-level SCADA master terminal unit (MTU) or cloud system. Experimental results from both functional and performance testing confirm the system’s viability as a cost-effective, vendor-agnostic solution for modern industrial automation, offering a scalable model for multi-protocol industrial environments.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Partial Discharge Characteristics of a Defective MV XLPE Cable
    (2024-01-01)
    Ekasittiphong, Woraphat
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    Tangthanam, Worasak
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    Jeenmuang, Siwakorn
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    This paper presents the partial discharge (PD) test on a 22 kV underground cable having a simulated defect within the XLPE insulation. The defects were simulated using the nail, as the drill bits with a different drill diameter. The defect was created into the XLPE insulation layers of the underground cable. Besides, both end sides of the cable were electric field controlled. To simulate the defects for the experiment, the jacket in the middle of the cable was partially trimmed out, and the drill bits was driven through the insulation screen to the insulation layer. The diameter of the drill bits was controlled for each experiment. The PD experiment was conducted using high frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensor as an unconventional PD detection instrument. From analyzing the PD test results, a defect in the XLPE insulation causes vividly the PD inside the XLPE insulation. Consequently, the insulation gradually deteriorates undergoing the PD events. Moreover, the PD test results indicate that the larger diameter of the nail tip radius results in a higher PD magnitude than that generated by a smaller diameter.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Design of PLC-based system for linearity output voltage of AC–DC converter
    (2022-04-01) ; ;
    Asadi, Farzin
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    This paper presents the PLC-Based system for controlling the SCR power module which is AC–DC converter proposes to linearity output voltage with trigger signal. The technique converted the trigger signal by arccosine function and analog module in the PLC. Converted signal from PLC system is fed to SCR power module instant the traditional signal. Proposed of this paper describes the PLC hardware configuration, compute/math and trigonometric functions with Studio 5000 software. In addition, the interfacing, parameters configuration, and monitoring are considered for testing. The technique with PLC-based, devices configuration and experimental results have been presented will be useful for electric power supply in the industry with more and more demand to apply the PLC system to develop the traditional industry to semi or automatic control in the industry.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Smart coffee vending machine based on IoT concept
    In order to improve the effectiveness of franchise system, this paper describes how to utilize the Internet of Things (IoT) concept for upgrading a franchisor’s traditional coffee vending machine to be a smart coffee vending machine (SCVM) with remote monitoring and control capabilities. The IoT-based SCVM provides powerful web dashboard to monitor machine operation statuses, track ingredient and component availability, and adjust hot drink recipes. The proposed improvement can therefore help both franchisor and franchisee not only to ensure that how well the machine is operating, and how well the machine is stocked but also to plan that when a supply worker needs to pay a visit to the machine for refilling ingredients based on sales data, and when a maintenance worker needs to pay a visit to the machine for providing services based on technical data. The proposed technique uses an Arduino board to replace an existing machine controller and installs a Raspberry Pi module to perform as a gateway for data transmission between the SCVM and the Ubidots cloud server via Internet. The Node-RED engine running on the Raspberry Pi is utilized as the IoT platform to collect and process the technical and sales data of the SCVM that dispenses three kinds of hot drinks. Based on user login system, the franchisor is allowed to remotely monitor the interested parameters of all SCVMs on the created dashboard for ensuring product availability as well as to remotely control the ratios of instant coffee/cocoa powder and hot water for ensuring product quality, whereas each franchisee is allowed to remotely monitor the operation status and daily sales detail for his approved machines only. Test results from data simulations confirm that the upgraded SCVM and created dashboard subpages function correctly in accordance with the franchisor’s requirements.
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    Item type:Publication,
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY USING ON-OFF INTELLIGENT FUNCTION
    (2023-05-01) ;
    Sopha, Watcharapon
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    Asadi, Farzin
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    In order to save electrical energy for on-off temperature control, a useful concept of on-off intelligent function to execute in a programmable logic controller (PLC) is presented. An implementation of PLC-based control system based on electric heating is also described as a case study to demonstrate the performance of the proposed function. IEC 61131-3-based ladder diagrams were created by using Studio 5000 software to run in the PLC modeled CompactLogix L30ER. Compared with the traditional on-off control action, the proposed on-off intelligent function can minimize energy consumption of a heater used in the implemented temperature control by 4.57%-6.65%.