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    Phase transition behaviour and electrical properties of lead-free (K 0.5Na0.5)NbO3-LiNbO3-LiSbO 3 piezoelectric ceramics
    (2011-05-01) ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    Sutapun, Manoon
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    ;
    The ternary system of 0.945(K<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>NbO <inf>3</inf>)-(0.055 - x)LiNbO<inf>3</inf>-xLiSbO<inf>3</inf> [0.945KNN-(0.055 - x)LN-xLS]; x = 0.0-0.055 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics was fabricated by the conventional mixed oxide method with normal sintering. The crystal structure was studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of XRD patterns show that complete solid solutions of the mixed phase between the orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskite phase were observed. The DSC and dielectric data show that the amount of LiSbO<inf>3</inf> in K<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>NbO <inf>3</inf>-LiNbO<inf>3</inf> solid solution slightly decreases the paraelectric cubic-ferroelectric tetragonal phase transition (T<inf>C</inf>) to a low temperature. Furthermore, good dielectric and piezoelectric properties were observed at composition, x = 0.03. The polymorphic phase transition between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases plays a very important role in enhancement of the piezoelectric properties of KNN-LN-LS ceramics. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Non-isothermal kinetics of the thermal decomposition of sodium oxalate Na2C2O4
    (2012-03-01)
    Chaiyo, Nopsiri
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    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    The thermal transformation of Na<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> was studied in N<inf>2</inf> atmosphere using thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Na<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> and its decomposed product were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The non-isothermal kinetic of the decomposition was studied by the mean of Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. The activation energies (Eα) of Na<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> decomposition were found to be consistent. Decreasing Eα at increased decomposition temperature indicated the multi-step nature of the process. The possible conversion function estimated through the Liqing-Donghua method was 'cylindrical symmetry (R <inf>2</inf> or F<inf>1/2</inf>)' of the phase boundary mechanism. Thermodynamic functions (DH*, DG* and DS*), calculated by the Activated complex theory and kinetic parameters, indicated that the decomposition step is a high energy pathway and revealed a very hard mechanism. © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2011.
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    Influence of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3 on the phase transitions, electrical, and thermal properties of a PbZrO3 ceramic
    (2011-10-01) ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    ;
    The solid solution of a (1-x)PbZrO<inf>3</inf>-xPb(In<inf>1/2</inf>Nb <inf>1/2</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> (PZ-PIN) system, with x=0.00-0.50, was synthesized using the wolframite precursor method. The effects of the PIN content on the crystal structure, and the electrical and thermal properties of a PbZrO <inf>3</inf> ceramic were investigated using X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectroscopy, hysteresis measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Furthermore, the morphology and grain size were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the pure perovskite phase was obtained for all compositions, and the solid solution, PZ-PIN, changed from orthorhombic to rhombohedral symmetry when the amount of PIN increased. A ferroelectric intermediate phase began to appear between the paraelectric and the antiferroelectric phases of pure PZ, with increasing PIN content. The temperature range width of the ferroelectric phase also increased continuously with increasing PIN. At room temperature, the polymorphic phase transition (PPT) was identified from the orthorhombic to the rhombohedral phase in (1-x)PZ-xPIN at the composition, x=0.40. The ceramics (x=0.40) with PPT close to room temperature exhibited excellent electrical properties (ε<inf>rmax</inf>= 33240 and P<inf>r</inf>=26.94 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>). © 2011 The American Ceramic Society.
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    The phase evolution with temperature in 0.94PbZrO3-0. 06Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3 antiferroelectric ceramic
    (2010-09-10)
    Charoonsuk, Piyanut
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    ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    The perovskite structure of the lead zirconate-lead magnesium tungstate ceramic, 0.94PbZrO<inf>3</inf>-0.06Pb(Mg<inf>1/2</inf>W<inf>1/2</inf>)O <inf>3</inf> (0.94PZ-0.06PMW), was prepared by the wolframite precursor method. The phase evolution with temperature in the 0.94PZ-0.06PMW ceramic was investigated, with dielectric permittivity, differential scanning calorimetry and polarization measurements. The ceramic was in the antiferroelectric phase when below 177 °C, based on dielectric measurement, and an intermediate phase was detected between 177 and 219 °C. Evidence from ferroelectric data was found to suggest that this intermediate phase is ferroelectric. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of Pb(Y1/2Nb1/2)O3 additions on thermal and electrical properties of PbZrO3 ceramics
    (2011-07-29) ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    The solid solution of a (1-x)PbZrO<inf>3</inf> - xPb(Y<inf>1/2</inf>Nb <inf>1/2</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> (PZ - PYN) system, with x = 0.00 - 0.08, was synthesized by the wolframite precursor method. The effects of PYN content on crystal structure, and electrical and thermal properties of PbZrO<inf>3</inf> ceramic were investigated. The crystal structure of sintered ceramics was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The pure perovskite phase was obtained for all compositions. The transition temperatures of the AFE to PE phase become lower with PYN increase. The dielectric properties of PZ were improved by the addition of PYN. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Phase transition behavior of the (1-x) PbZrO 3-x Ba (Al 1/2 Nb 1/2) O 3 solid solution
    (2012-10-01) ; ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    Solid solution of the (1-x)PbZrO <inf>3</inf>-xBa(Al <inf>1/2</inf>Nb <inf>1/2</inf>)O <inf>3</inf> system, with x = 0.02-0.30, was prepared using solid state reaction. The effect of Ba(Al <inf>1/2</inf>Nb <inf>1/2</inf>)O <inf>3</inf> on phase transitions and thermal and electrical properties was investigated. The stability of ferroelectric phase in pure PZ was found to improve with increasing BAN content, which corresponded to the increased tolerance factor (t) of solid solution. In comparison to other systems, results in this study indicated that the tolerance factor can predict the ferroelectric (FE)/antiferroelectric (AFE) stability of PZ-based solid solution. If the t value of solid solution is higher than pure PZ, the FE phase can be induced. On the other hand, the AFE phase is stabilized when the t value of solid solution is lower than pure PZ. © 2012 The American Ceramic Society.
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    Effect of Pb (Yb 1/2Nb 1/2)O 3 on phase transition and thermal and electrical properties of PZ-PYbN solid solution on PZ-rich side
    (2012-02-01) ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    The (1 - x)PbZrO <inf>3</inf>-xPb(Yb <inf>1/2</inf>Nb <inf>1/2</inf>)O <inf>3</inf> (PZ-PYbN) ceramics, with the compositions, x = 0.00-0.50, were prepared by the wolframite precursor method. The crystal structure and electrical and thermal properties of PbZrO <inf>3</inf> ceramic were investigated as a function of the composition, x, using X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectroscopy, hysteresis measurement and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The results indicated that the solid solution, PZ-PYbN, changed from orthorhombic to rhombohedral symmetry when the amount of PYbN increased. The pyrochlore phase identified as Yb/Nb mixed compound was observed at the composition, x ≥ 0.2. For the compositions, x = 0.00-0.10, ceramics showed a sharp phase transition from AFE to PE. Furthermore, the intermediate FE phase was absent from the PZ-PYbN system. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
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    Synthesis of potassium niobate (KNbO3) nano-powder by a modified solid-state reaction
    (2011-03-01)
    Chaiyo, Nopsiri
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    Ruangphanit, Anucha
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    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    Crystalline lead-free piezoelectric potassium niobate (KNbO<inf>3</inf>) powders have been synthesized through a modified solid-state reaction method. The thermal behavior of the K<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>-H <inf>2</inf>O and Nb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> raw material mixture was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used to investigate the phase formation and purity. The morphology of the powder obtained was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD pattern showed that the monophasic perovskite phase of KNbO<inf>3</inf> could be synthesized successfully at a temperature as low as 550 °C for 240 min, with an average crystallite size of 36 ± 8 nm. The SEM images suggested that the average particle size of the powder obtained was 278 ± 75 nm. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.
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    Aqueous Co-precipitated spherical shape PbZrO3 nanopowders: Perovskite phase formation
    (2013-05-01)
    Charoonsuk, Piyanut
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    ; ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
    The perovskite phase formation of nanocrystalline powder of lead zirconate (PbZrO<inf>3</inf>, PZ) was investigated. The structure, phase formation and morphology of PZ powders were characterized using the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO<inf>2</inf>) phase was found as an intermediate phase during the calcinations process, followed by the crystallization of the orthorhombic PZ phase. The change in relative amount of the residual t-ZrO<inf>2</inf> phase as a function of calcination temperature was estimated from the relative intensities of selected Raman peaks. From a TEM photograph, the PbZrO<inf>3</inf> powder was found to be spherical in shape with uniform nanosized features. The average particle size for the calcined powders was about 10.44±1.21 nm. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
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    Antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition in lead zinc niobate modified lead zirconate ceramics: Crystal studies, microstructure, thermal and electrical properties
    (2010-08-01) ; ;
    Niemcharoen, Surasak
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    The combination of antiferroelectric PbZrO<inf>3</inf> (PZ) and relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn<inf>1/3</inf>Nb<inf>2/3</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> was prepared via the columbite precursor method. The basic characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear thermal expansion, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, dielectric spectroscopy, and hysteresis measurement. The XRD result indicated that the solid solubility limit of the (1-x)PZ-xPZN system was about x = 0.40. The crystal structure of (1-x)PZ-xPZN transformed from orthorhombic to rhombohedral symmetry when the concentration of PZN was increased. A ferroelectric intermediate phase began to appear between the paraelectric and antiferroelectric phases of pure PZ, with increasing PZN content. In addition, the temperature range of the ferroelectric phase increased with increasing PZN concentration. Themorphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in this system was located close to the composition, x = 0.20. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.