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    Item type:Publication,
    Numerical heat transfer study of square duct equipped with novel flapped V-baffles
    (2024-03-01) ; ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
    The paper describes a computational study of heat transfer enhancement inside a square duct with V-shaped flapped baffles located repeatedly on the bottom and top walls for fluid flowing with Reynolds numbers (Re) from 3000 to 21,000. The basic goal of this work is to attain the largest relative Nusselt number (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>) whilst maintaining the highest thermal performance to improve energy savings. A finite volume method was used in the computations, along with the Realizable k‒ε turbulent model. The variable baffle parameters considered first in the current simulation were the relative height/blockade ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.05−0.2) and the flap angle of the baffle hole (β = 0° − 90°), while the fixed parameters included the attack angle (α = 60°), hole diameter ratio (d<inf>R</inf> = 0.5), and pitch ratio (P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5). To accomplish this goal, the previously mentioned parameters providing the best thermal performance were investigated further by extending the values of B<inf>R</inf> to 0.25−0.3, d<inf>R</inf> to 0.8 and α to 45°−30°. The simulation results indicate that the jet flowing from the flapped hole, as well as the vortices created by the baffle, can boost heat transfer and friction loss in comparison to the plain duct. In comparison, using a flapped baffle with β > 0° results in less friction loss, a greater thermal enhancement factor (TEF), and a higher Nusselt number than using a baffle with no flap. The first investigation disclosed that for B<inf>R</inf> = 0.2 and β = 20°, the greatest TEF of 2.19 with Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> of 7.9 times are obtained. The extended study, on the other hand, showed that the highest TEF of roughly 2.49 with Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> of 8.4 times are seen for α = 45°, d<inf>R</inf> = 0.8, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.25 and β = 20° at lowest Re. Thus, the flapped baffle provides a significant increase in Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> and TEF over the baffle alone.
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    Analysis of exergy and heat transfer in a tube fitted with flapped V-baffles
    (2024-07-01) ; ;
    Tongyote, Paritkavin
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    ;
    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
    Vortex generator is a device that shows promise in generating streamwise vortices that can be utilized for boosting the rate of heat transmission inside a cooling/heating system with a relatively smaller penalty in terms of friction loss. The primary goal of the current research is to maximize the comparative Nusselt number ratio (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>) to be as large as possible to lower the size of the system while keeping thermal performance as high as feasible to save more energy. Thus, in the current study, the impacts of inserting the flapped V-baffle vortex generator (FBVG) on the thermal effectiveness improvement of a round tube were experimentally investigated. At a fixed attack angle (α = 60°) and baffle blockage ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = b/D = 0.3), the geometrical behaviors of FBVGs placed periodically along two edges of a straight tape were six different flap angles (θ = 0°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 65° and 90°) and three ratios of baffle pitches (P/D = P<inf>R</inf> = 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0). The current V-baffles, which were positioned on both tape edges, were designed to reduce friction loss caused by interrupting the central core flow when placed on both tape sides. The measurement results focused on the friction loss and thermal behaviors, including exergy and entropy analyses for Reynolds number from 4750 to 29,270. In the findings, the Nusselt number and friction factor of FBVG at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 are, respectively, up to 5.6 and 35.24 times larger than those of the smooth tube. The entropy generation (S˙<inf>gen</inf><sup>′</sup>) seems to decline as θ and P<inf>R</inf> increase, with the smallest S˙<inf>gen</inf><sup>′</sup> found at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 for lower Re. The FBVG has the greatest exergy efficiency (η<inf>Ex</inf>) at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1. To find the true benefits of FBVG, its thermal performance is estimated and seen to reach a maximum at about 2.44 with Nu<inf>R</inf> = 4.65 at θ = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1. The optimal scenario at θ = 25° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 was preferred, however, since it yielded the largest Nu<inf>R</inf> = 5.42 at TEF = 2.39.
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    Heat transfer in solar air duct with multi-V-ribbed absorber and grooved back-plate
    (2021-04-01) ;
    Khanoknaiyakarn, Chitakorn
    ;
    Sripattanapipat, Somchai
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    The article presents an experimental study on heat transfer and friction behaviors in a solar air duct fitted with multiple V-shaped ribs on the absorber and delta-grooves on the back plate. Measurements were carried out in the test duct having a cross-section of width, W = 300 mm and height, H = 27 mm. The air flow rate inside the duct was varied to have Reynolds numbers based on the duct hydraulic diameter from about 7000 to 30,000. Two vortex flow devices: rib and groove turbulators, were introduced to generate the vortex flows along the duct. In the test duct, the upper/absorber plate having a constant heat-flux was mounted repeatedly by multiple V-shaped thin ribs with an attack angle (α) of 45° relative to main flow direction while the lower/back plate was grooved periodically in the delta/triangular shape with an attack angle (θ) of 60°. In the present investigation, the geometrical parameters of the ribs included three different rib- to duct-height ratios (e/H = B<inf>R</inf> = 0.108, 0.162 and 0.217) and three rib-pitch to duct-height ratio (P/H = P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). The experimental results have shown that the duct with the V-ribbed absorber at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.217, P<inf>R</inf> = 1 in conjunction with the delta-grooved back plate has the greatest heat transfer and pressure loss. However, the use of the combined devices with P<inf>R</inf> = 1, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.108 leads to the highest thermal performance and also provides greater heat transfer and thermal performance than employing the V-rib or the delta-groove alone.
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    Enhanced thermal performance in tubular heat exchanger contained with V-shaped baffles
    (2021-02-25) ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    The vortex-flow device is a promising streamwise vortex generator employed to produce the counter-rotating vortices along a heated tube to augment the heat transfer rate with comparatively smaller friction loss penalty. Thus, the influences of V-shaped baffle vortex generator (hereafter called “V-baffle”) insert in a heated tube on thermal-performance enhancement were experimentally examined in the current work. The geometric characteristics of the V-baffles mounted repeatedly on the edges of a flat plate/tape were three ratios of relative baffle blockages, (b/D = B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2), and four ratios of baffle pitches, (P/D = P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) at a fixed angle of attack (α = 30°). The present V-baffle placed on the tape edge was aimed to lessen the pressure loss from disturbing the central core flow for the case of placing it on the double sides of a tape as found in the literature. The experiment was conducted by letting air flow through the test tube with Reynolds number (Re) in the range of 4192 to 25,750. The current study indicated that the friction factor and heat transfer using the V-baffle inserts increase considerably with rising B<inf>R</inf> but reducing P<inf>R</inf>. The V-baffle with B<inf>R</inf> = 0.2, P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5 provides the highest friction factor and rate of heat transfer at about 18.25 and 4.46 times above the plain tube, respectively. A new modified thermal enhancement factor (TEF) is offered and found that its peak for each case appearing at the lowest Re, is in a range of 2.14–2.34 where the optimum TEF of 2.34 is visible at P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.15. Furthermore, correlations of Nusselt number and friction factor for the present V-baffles are determined. TEF of the current device is found to be superior to that of other enhanced devices in comparison.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Thermal-hydraulic performance enhancement of solar receiver channel by flapped V-baffles
    (2022-06-01) ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    Thermal-hydraulic performance investigation in a solar receiver channel equipped with a vortex flow generator, namely, flapped V-shaped baffle (FVB) on the absorber has been experimentally carried out. The purpose of using the square flaps on the V-baffle was to decline the pressure drag by directing the impact air to the absorber surface. The working fluid was air flowing into the uniform heat-fluxed channel at Reynolds number (Re) between 5300 and 23,600. The FVBs with 45°attack angle (α) were placed periodically on the absorber with the upstream V-apex arrangement. The FVB characteristics included three relative baffle-pitches (R<inf>P</inf>) and four flap angles (β)at one relative baffle height (R<inf>B</inf>=0.5) and flap length (b<inf>1</inf>/b = 0.4) were examined to obtain the optimum R<inf>P</inf> and β values. The present investigation has revealed that the FVB gives a considerable decrease in friction loss when compared with the solid V-baffle (β = 0) while the heat transfer rate reduces a little. The FVB with β = 45°, R<inf>P</inf> = 1.5 yields the greatest thermal performance around 2.5 as a result of the injecting air flows from the flap opening aside from the reduced friction loss. For the current experimental data, the Nusselt number and friction factor correlations were determined in the form of a function of the geometric FVB parameters and Re.
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    Experimental and numerical thermal performance in solar receiver heat exchanger with trapezoidal louvered winglet and wavy groove
    (2022-04-01) ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    A numerical and experimental study on the thermal–hydraulic performance of a solar receiver heat exchanger (SRH) equipped with a newly designed longitudinal-vortex generator, namely, trapezoidal louvered winglet and wavy groove placed on the absorber has been carried out. The relevant parameters included three pitch ratios of winglets/grooves (P/H = P<inf>R</inf> = 1, 1.5 and 2), four winglet blockage ratios (b/H = B<inf>R</inf> = 0.3–0.45) at a single attack angle of winglet/groove, α = 45°. The experimental outcome showed that the trapezoidal winglet (TW) together with the wavy groove at P<inf>R</inf> = 1, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.45 gives the greatest friction factor and the heat transfer around 108.1 and 9.35 times over the smooth SRH channel, respectively while that at P<inf>R</inf> = 1.5, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.4 provides the optimal thermal performance at about 2.6. To increase further the performance, the TW at optimal conditions was modified by punching the TW at its centroid to be a square-hole and then covering the back-end hole partially like a louver, called the trapezoidal louvered winglet (TLW). The TLW elements were mounted on the grooved absorber plate with eight louver angles (θ = 0°–90°). The investigation indicated that among the louver angles, the θ = 20° yields the greatest heat transfer up to 9.18 times above the smooth SRH whilst its friction loss is lower than the θ = 0°(solid-winglet). Hence, the TLW and wavy groove at θ = 20° provided the maximum thermal–hydraulic performance around 2.76. To understand the flow and thermal patterns, a 3D flow computation was also carried out and their results were validated with available measurements.
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    Thermal performance evaluation of a diamond-shaped roughened tube
    (2025-12-01)
    Chokphoemphun, Suriya
    ;
    Kamma, Panit
    ;
    ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    Thermal performance evaluation was examined numerically in a diamond-shaped roughened tube, which created recirculation and pair counter-rotation flows, which helped to disrupt the boundary layer, and increased fluid mixing led to improving the rate of heat transfer. The parameters studied, including relative depth ratio, e/D, DR, from 0.02 ≤ DR ≤ 0.14, and relative pitch ratio, p/D, PR, from 0.25 ≤ PR ≤ 1.5, under turbulent flow conditions, 3000 ≤ Re ≤ 20,000. Computed results included heat transfer (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>), frictional loss (f/f<inf>0</inf>) and thermal performance (in terms of thermal enhancement factor, TEF). The simulations showed that the velocity and heat transfer became fully developed periodic at around x/D ≈ 6–7.5. The pair counter-rotation flows increased the level of both the flow strength and the mixing of fluid, and disrupted the boundary layer, leading to an increase in heat transfer rate. The Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>, f/f<inf>0</inf> and TEF were achieved in a range of 1.00–3.34, 1.21–24.00 and 0.69–1.56. The maximum TEF was found at 1.56 for DR = 0.08, PR = 0.50 and Re = 5000.
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    Heat transfer augmentation in solar heat exchanger duct with louver-punched V-baffles
    (2022-12-01) ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    A vortex generator's ability to create secondary flow and accelerate rapid fluid mixing allows it to effectively improve thermal performance in a solar heat exchanger duct. A newly created louver-punched V-baffle (LPVB) vortex generator was tested experimentally in the current study and the flow and thermal patterns were also investigated using a three-dimensional CFD simulation. The Realizable k–ε turbulence model was utilized in the simulation and the predictions were verified using experimental data and correlations. By directing the impinging air onto the duct's heated surface, the square louver on the baffle served the primary function of reducing pressure drag. Air was used as the test fluid, flowing at Reynolds numbers (Re) from 5300 to 23,000 into the constant heat-fluxed duct. On the heated wall that was set up by letting the V-apex direct upstream, the LPVBs with a 45° attack angle (α) were repeatedly positioned. There were two aspects to the current investigation. First, the optimal relative baffle pitches (P<inf>R</inf>) and louver angles (β) conditions were determined by looking at the LPVB characteristics, which included four β and three P<inf>R</inf> at a fixed relative louver size (L<inf>R</inf> = 0.5) and baffle height (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.4). Second, three relative louver sizes (L<inf>R</inf> = 0.3–0.9) were investigated at the optimal P<inf>R</inf> and β. According to the results, the solid-baffle friction loss is significantly reduced by the LPVB with β > 0° while the heat transfer is slightly lower. In the first part, the LPVB with P<inf>R</inf> = 1.5, β = 45° has the optimal performance while in the second part, the one with L<inf>R</inf> = 0.9 yields the greatest performance. A numerical flow model was computed to understand the flow and thermal patterns. The findings were verified using the available measurements, and there is close agreement between the experimental and numerical results.
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    Effect of louvered curved-baffles on thermohydraulic performance in heat exchanger tube
    (2023-02-01) ; ; ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    The paper presents an experimental study of convection enhancement in a tube heat exchanger using louvered curved-baffle (LCB) vortex generator (VG). The heat transfer and pressure loss of air as a working fluid, flowing in an isothermal-fluxed tube were measured having Reynolds numbers (Re) between 4760 and 29,300. The LCB elements were arrayed on two tape sides in a V-shape with a 30° attack angle. At a fixed baffle height, the LCB had three axial pitch ratios (PR) from 0.5 to 1.5 and six louver angles (θ) from 0° to 90°. Thermal enhancement factor (TEF), Nusselt number (Nu), and friction factor (f) are often utilized to analyze the effect of VG geometrical variables on thermohydraulic performance. The measured results demonstrated that the LCB-inserted tube has a significantly larger Nu and f than a plain tube functioning alone, and that the Nu and f tend to rise when PR and θ decline. Using the LCB increases Nu and f by approximately 2.59-4.66 and 3.8-39.37 times, respectively. The maximal TEF is achieved for the LCB at PR = 1, θ = 45° and lower Re. Empirical correlations for Nu and f were evaluated and found to fit measured data well, with discrepancies by ± 9% and ±10%, respectively.
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    Numerical heat transfer in a solar air heater duct with punched delta-winglet vortex generators
    (2021-08-01) ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    The flow topology and thermohydraulic performance of a novel designed punched delta-winglet (P-DW) placed on the absorber of a solar air heater duct are numerically explored. The effects of geometrical parameters, namely, the relative winglet pitch, PR = 1-2 and the relative punched hole size, dR = 0-0.583 at a single value of blockage ratio, BR = 0.48 and attack angle, α = 30° on thermal characteristics are proposed for Reynolds number from 4000 to 24,000. Among several turbulence models, the simulation has shown that the realizable k-ϵ turbulence model is favorable with respect to measurements. For flow patterns, the P-DW produces several counter-spinning vortices helping induce the impinging jets onto the absorber surface whilst for thermal behaviors, the decline of PR and dR leads to the rise in the friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu). The P-DW provides greater Nu and f than the plain flat plate by 17.1-78.21 and 3.92-5.9 times, respectively and gives the highest performance around 2.1. Further, the P-DW is modified by covering the punched hole partially with a circular flap, called the flapped delta-winglet (F-DW) and this F-DW yields the greatest performance around 2.16 higher than the P-DW about 2.9%.