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    RARE EARTH OXIDE DIELECTRICS FOR FLEXIBLE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR
    (2025-01-01)
    Kingkam, Wilasinee
    ;
    Issarapanacheewin, Sudarat
    ;
    Ukasi, Sirinya
    ;
    Pulphol, Phieraya
    ;
    Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
    Rare earth oxides (REO) are well known in catalysts, glass-related industries, and permanent magnets manufacturing for almost 70%, according to the mature industry. This work proposes the new developments of REO as the emergence for mechanical energy harvesting (MEH) technology. The binary-system of REO or R<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, including La<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, Sm<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and Nd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, are used as dielectric materials to incorporate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for fabricating flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), one of MEH devices. The change in REO’s amount was studied at 0.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%. Upon applying mechanical force in vertical direction, the PDMS/R<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> TENG can convert mechanical energy into electricity for the best value of ~66 V and ~93 μA with power density of about ~62 μW·cm<sup>-2</sup>. The PDMS/La<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> can be used to fully charge the 0.22 and 0.33 μF capacitor within 3 seconds and power up over 100 LEDs directly. Moreover, the influence of triboelectric polarity and dielectricity on the triboelectric output performance is scientifically discussed by following the percolation point with air breakdown limitation’s theory. The researcher believes that the knowledge of this work will be inexhaustible useful to develop a group of REO in broad applications of MEH electronics in future.
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    DIELECTRIC AND FATIGUE LIFE ENHANCEMENT IN BaTiO3/Epoxy RESIN BASED COMPOSITES USED AS PIEZOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Rerngroen, Nakulkarn
    ;
    Sasipongpan, Apinya
    ;
    ;
    This study investigates the enhancement of dielectric properties and fatigue life in BaTiO3/epoxy resin composites utilized as the active material in piezoelectric nanogenerators. Through a systematic approach, various fabrication techniques and composite formulations are explored to optimize the dielectric constants, energy density, and piezoelectricity while mitigating fatigue-related degradation. The physical character, phase formation, and chemical properties of these composites are identified via the optical camera, XRD, and FTIR methods, respectively. The frequency dependence of dielectric properties for all samples is measured by an LCR meter. The hysteresis P-E loops are investigated in order to calculate the energy density and energy loss density of materials. The piezoelectric properties of these composites are performed by studying the generated output voltage and current after applying mechanical force to the samples. Moreover, MWCNT nanomaterials have also been incorporated into these composites in order to improve their dielectric value and fatigue life. The results show that the dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of these composites are independent of frequency. After loading BaTiO3 into the epoxy resin matrix, the εr and tanδ significantly increased with the increasing BaTiO3 amount. The energy density and energy loss density of all composites were calculated from these P-E loops, and it is seen that pure epoxy resin shows the lowest energy density and energy loss density values. After loading BaTiO3 into the epoxy resin matrix, both the energy density and the energy loss density of the composites significantly increased. Moreover, after adding 20 percent by volume of BaTiO3 to the system, the energy density increases by 160% compared with pure epoxy resin. For the effect of MWCNT filler, it is seen that the εr, tanδ, energy density and energy loss density are significantly improved after adding 1.5 vol% of MWCNT into the system. The output current generated by applying mechanical force to the sample increased 27 times after adding MWCNT to the BT-filled epoxy resin composite. Finally, it can be concluded that all experimental results demonstrate significant enhancements in dielectric properties, energy density and electric output current, paving the way for the development of robust and efficient piezoelectric nanogenerators for diverse energy harvesting applications.
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    Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Carbon Fiber and Glass Fiber Composite at Different Curing Temperature
    (2020-07-27)
    Lin, Ye Htet
    ;
    Cuaiman, T.
    ;
    ; ;
    Larpsuriyakul, P.
    Weight reduction is one of the big challenges in the auto industry. In the aerospace industry, the high modulus of composite material makes weight savings to replace alloys such as aluminium and titanium. It is one way to reduce fuel consumption and reducing emissions in vehicles by using composite. Among them, carbon fiber and glass fiber are the most useful materials in composite to reduce the weight in vehicles not only in the automotive field but also in aircraft, marine, medicine, sport, etc. In this study, hand lay-up (wet lay-up) method is used to fabricate carbon fiber and glass fiber composites with different curing temperature 30°C (the equivalent of room temperature) until it is dry and 80°C for curing 6 hours. The strength of carbon fiber and glass fiber composites were increased over 10% and the hardness of carbon fiber composite was also increased two times at 80°C curing temperature. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism of carbon fiber and glass fiber composites were also observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image processing method.
      2
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    The influence of alkaline treatment of plant fibres on tensile properties of single fibres and composites
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Rattanapaskorn, S.
    The hypothesis pursued in this work is that by removing hemicellulose and pectin from plant fibres by alkaline treatment, the fibre tensile performance could be improved. Flax fibres were examined as reinforcement. The highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) resulted for fibre treated with 3% by weight of NaOH solution (up to 12% increase in UTS and 18% increase in Young’s modulus, compared to untreated fibres). A 15% reduction in cross-sectional area of the fibres was observed. Tensile performance of treated (a percentage of fibre volume fraction (V<inf>f</inf> %) of 30%) and untreated (V<inf>f</inf> % of 34%) fibre reinforced polypropylene composites manufactured by the vacuum forming process, were compared. A decrease of UTS and Young’s modulus of the treated material was observed with an increase in consolidation time. The UTS of the treated material was 3.82% lower than that of the untreated material.
      1
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    Synthesis and characterization of polyHIPEs composites with silica and iron oxide nanoparticles
    (2015-01-01) ;
    Eamsa-Ard, Tanthip
    ;
    Thasirisap, Eakkasit
    This study investigated the synthesis and modification of the properties of polyHIPEs by incorporating co-additives into the polymer matrix i.e. silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>) nanoparticles (1 wt%) to improve physical and mechanical properties and iron oxide (Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>) nanoparticles (5, 10 and 15 wt%) to induce magnetic and heavy ion adsorption properties. PolyHIPEs composites were prepared in water in oil (w/o) emulsion system using the ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase of 20 to 80 vol%. The physical and mechanical properties of the polyHIPEs composites were found to decrease with SiO<inf>2</inf> and Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> addition while the magnetic and adsorption properties increased with increasing Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> contents. The composites with 1 wt% SiO<inf>2</inf> and 15 wt% Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> exhibited the highest saturated magnetization at 12.9 emu/g and they could be used for adsorption of iron ions (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) in iron(III) sulfate solution with 98.3 % adsorption at equilibrium.
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    Effect of calcination temperature on structural and photocatalyst properties of nanofibers prepared from low-cost natural ilmenite mineral by simple hydrothermal method
    (2013-09-01)
    Simpraditpan, Athapon
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    Wirunmongkol, Thanakorn
    ;
    Pavasupree, Sorapong
    ;
    Titanate nanofibers were synthesized via the hydrothermal method (120 C for 72 h) using natural ilmenite mineral (FeTiO<inf>3</inf>) as the starting material. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescent (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for specific surface area. The nanofibers were 20-90 nm in diameter and 2-7 μm in length. The as-synthesized nanofibers calcined at 300-400 C showed TiO<inf>2</inf> (B) whereas the nanofibers calcined at 500 C revealed a mixture of two phases of TiO<inf>2</inf> (B) and anatase. The nanofibers calcined at high temperature of 600-1000 C showed a mixture of tri-crystalline of anatase, rutile, and Fe <inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. The rutile phase increased with increasing calcination temperature. The nanofibers calcined at 300-700 C maintained their structure while the morphology of the nanofibers calcined at 800-1000 C transformed into submicron rod-like structure. This increase of calcination temperature led to the phase transformation from thermodynamically metastable anatase to the most stable form of rutile phase. The crystallite size of prepared samples increased with increasing calcination temperature. Interestingly, with increasing calcination temperature, the absorption edge of the prepared samples shows an obvious shift to visible light region due to the change of crystallite phase and increased crystallite size. Therefore, the band gap energy of the prepared samples became narrower with increasing calcination temperature. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the nanofibers calcined at 400 C for 2 h was found to be not merely higher than those of the commercially available TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles powders (P-25, JRC-01, and JRC-03) but also the highest of all the samples in this study. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.