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SMEs internationalization in Thailand: An empirical exploration of the determining factors
(2026-01-01)
Patthirasinsiri, Natphasuth
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) internationalization have emerged as a prominent and dynamic phenomenon within the global business landscape. In Thailand, SMEs comprise the largest proportions of business entities, providing economic support, employment, and innovation support. Expanding to the global business sphere is therefore a concern, as a means of promoting their growth. This research explored the factors that influence SMEs internationalization process in Thailand. The study borrowed from International Entrepreneurship Theory and the Schumpeter Theory of Innovation theory as the basis of theoretical development. Primary data was collected from 482 respondents, who comprised people operating SMEs in Thailand. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The model evaluation was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) while the data analysis was conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results indicated that technological capabilities, employee’s human capital, and business environment has a significant and positive influence on SME internationalization, both international market entry and growth & profitability. Entrepreneurial orientation was found to have significant influence on international market entry, financial availability affects international market entry, while management capabilities influence growth and profitability. The research concludes that SMEs international expansion would require proper investment in financial assets, employees and management capacity, and critical evaluation of the targeted business environment.
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Modified natural seawater as growth medium for the halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica to increase lipid content for biodiesel production
(2025-02-01)
Thongtha, Sitthichai
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Aryusuk, Kornkanok
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Kittiwongwattana, Chokchai
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Incharoensakdi, Aran
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Phunpruch, Saranya
Biodiesel derived from cyanobacterial oils becomes attractive as an efficient renewable energy. The present study aims to optimize growth and lipid production of the halotolerant unicellular cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica cultivated in natural seawater. In this study A. halophytica was able to grow in natural seawater when supplemented with low concentration of NaNO<inf>3</inf>, whereas no growth occurred without supplementation. The specific growth rate of 0.230 day-1 and cell concentration of 25.17 x 106 cells mL-1 were achieved in A. halophytica cultivated in natural seawater supplemented with 17.6 mM NaNO<inf>3</inf> and Turk Island salt solution (suitable natural seawater; SNSW) for 14 days. This growth rate was comparable to that of cells grown in normal BG11 plus Turk Island salt solution. The lipid content and fatty acid profiles of A. halophytica varied with changes in NaCl concentrations. The highest lipid content of 50.47 % and lipid productivity of 48.33 mg L-1 day-1 were obtained in cultures supplemented with 1.89 mmol C-atom L-1 glucose and 0.75 M NaCl. The optimal medium pH and cultivation temperature for lipid production was 7.5 and 25-35 °C, respectively. When cultivating A. halophytica in optimized SNSW with various NaCl concentrations, the highest contents of linoleic and linolenic acids, and the lowest contents of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids were observed with 0.75 M NaCl. In contrast, cultures grown in optimized SNSW with 0.5 M NaCl showed fatty acid methyl ester profiles rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, which are favorable for high-quality biodiesel production.
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Influence of ethephon spraying on the growth and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.)
(2023-05-01)
Chumthong, B.
;
Seesanong, S.
;
Detpiratmongkol, S.
The effects of ethephon spraying on the growth and yield of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) was investigated. The results indicated that spraying ethephon for three times leaded to the highest growth parameters in term of stem, leaf, root and total dried weight and yield, followed by spraying two and one times. The ethephon spraying to stevia at concentration of 200 ppm gave the highest total dried weight and yield. It is concluded that application of ethephon at concentration of 200 ppm to stevia for three times at 30, 60 and 90 DAT gave the highest vegetative growth and yield.
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Influence of shading levels on growth, yield and andrographolide content of Kalmegh
(2020-04-01)
Liphan, Somanan
;
Detpiratmongkol, S.
We studied the growth, yield and andrographolide content of three local kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) responses to varying shade levels under green house conditions, from March to July 2018 in Thailand. Our experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Three local kalmegh varieties (Prachinburi, Nakhon Prathom and Saraburi) and four shading levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 75% shading) were applied to the test plots. Stem height, stem, leaf and root dry weight and leaf number per plant, seed and leaf dry weight yield and andrographolide content were recorded. The Prachinburi variety, followed by Nakhon Prathom and Saraburi, showed the strongest growth under all shade conditions. Different shading levels strongly influenced growth and kalmegh yield. The highest growth, stem, leaf, root, total dry weight, seed and leaf dry weight yield and andrographolide content were registered at 25% shading levels followed by 0%, 50% and 75% shading levels. We concluded that 25% shading and the local Prachinburi variety kalmegh should be recommended.
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Physiological and metabolic modifications in response to nanocarbon in callus of Indica rice cultivar
(2020-01-01)
Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
Nanocarbon has been shown to be implicated in the response of plants to an assortment of positive or negative impacts. In the present research, the effects of nanocarbon on cell growth and secondary metabolite production on rice callus were studied. Different concentrations of nanocarbon (0-1000 mgl−1) were added into callus induction media to investigate the effects on the growth of callus, and secondary metabolite production in indica rice callus (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pathumthani1). The growth of callus was measured in terms of the size and weight of callus, and secondary metabolite production was determined based on the levels of total phenolic compounds and flavonoid production. The results showed that the callus induction, the callus growth and the secondary metabolite production in rice callus after treatment with nanocarbon were significantly different when compared to control (without treatment with nanocarbon). The rice callus treated with low (100 and 200 mgl-1) and moderate (400 and 600 mgl-1) level of nanocarbon displayed an enhancement in callus growth, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid production. However, the induction of callus, cell growth, and secondary metabolite production were decreased when rice callus was treated with high concentrations of nanocarbon (800 and 1000 mgl-1). The results of this research showed that the nanocarbon application of 400-600 mgl-1 had potential to induce the cell growth and secondary metabolite production. This research suggests further investigation in using different concentrations of nanocarbon on other plant species for potential pharmaceutical application.
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Effects of ethephon on growth and yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) at different growth stages
(2019-09-01)
Yoosukyingsataporn, Sommart
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Detpiratmongkol, Somyot
There is little information about the effects of ethephon ripening hormone on the yield of sweet sorghum in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of ethephon hormone applied at different growth stages of three cultivars of sweet sorghum on its growth and yield. The experiment was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017 at a research plot of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand. The experiment was designed as a split-plot design with three replications. Three sweet sorghum cultivars (Ethanol 2, KKU 40, and Cowley) were planted in the main plot. Ethephon was applied at five stages of growth of these cultivars: heading stage, panicle stage, milking stage, dough stage, harvesting stage. Ethephon applications at those stages and untreated control were the subplots. Results showed that Ethanol 2 cultivar exhibited a higher growth rate, plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, stem fresh weight, and yield, juice extract yield, and sugar content than those exhibited by KKU 40 and Cowley. Application of ethephon at the heading stage gave the lowest stem diameter, grain yield, stem fresh weight, and yield, whereas applying it at the harvesting stage gave the highest sugar yield. There were no significant correlations between sweet sorghum cultivars and the growth stages at which ethephon was applied. Based on these results, it might be concluded that Ethanol 2 cultivar should be treated with ethephon hormone at its harvesting stage.
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Influences of trinexapac-ethyl on development and sugar content of sorghum bicolor
(2019-01-01)
Yoosukyingsataporn, S.
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
Result showed that no-interactions among the cultivars. The different trinexapac-ethyl doses and different periods of pre-harvest weeks provided significantly different sweet sorghum growth and yield at the p < 0.05. The control treatment provided the highest growth but low sugar yield. The trinexapac-ethyl ripener affected the highest growth and sugar yield when applied at 0.05 ppm and 1 pre-harvest week. On the other hand, trinexapac-ethyl (0.20 ppm) level inhibited the growth of sweet sorghum when applied at 5 pre-harvest weeks. At 0.05 ppm dose and 1 pre-harvest week, the chemical ripener provided the tallest plant height, biggest stalk diameter, juice extract, and sugar yields. Based on these findings, we recommended to apply the trinexapac-ethyl at 0.05 ppm dose by spraying 1 week before harvest. The sweet sorghum variety is recommended to be KKU 40 cultivar.
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Effects of different harvesting times on growth, yield and quality of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall Ex. NeeS)
(2018-12-01)
Detpiratmongkol, S.
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Liphan, S.
The effect of harvesting times on growth, yield and quality of kalmegh were investigated. The results were disclosed that for three local kalmegh cultivars, stem and leaf dry weight and total dry weight of Prachinburi cultivar were the the highest and followed by Nakhon Prathom and Pitsanulok 5-4 cultivars, respectively. Leaf dry weight and seed dry weight yield of Prachinburi cultivar were the highest. Harvesting times affected on growth and yield of kalmegh. The highest leaf dry weight yield (13.59 g plant -1 ) and andrographolide content (2.54%) were recorded at harvesting times of 135 DAP but the highest seed dry weight yield was detected 170 DAP. However, it is recommended that harvesting times at 135 DAP in Prachinburi local kalmegh cultivar should be adopted.
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Response of biomass and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) to flower removal
(2018-12-01)
Chumthong, B.
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
It has never been reported on the effect of flower removal on the yield of Stevia plant. The effect of flower removal on growth and yield of Stevia was studied. Reesults revealed that flower removal produced significantly (P=0.05) greater number of leaves, dry biomass yield and leaf dry weight yield compared to the control. Four times of flower removal plant gave the highest number of leaves (1,318.50 plant -1 ), total biomass dry weight (11.31 g plant 1- ) and leaf dry weight yield (0.81 t ha -1 ) compared to the control. Therefore, flower removal during the production of Stevia plant should be practiced in order to increase growth and leaf yield.
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Antifungal activities of Chaetomium spp. Against fusarium wilt of tea
(2016-01-01)
Huu Phong, Nguyen
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Pongnak, Wattanachai
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Soytong, Kasem
An isolate of Fusarium denominated as NHP-Fusa-2 from tea wilt and root-rot diseased sample collected in Vietnam was identified as Fusarium oxysporum based on molecular analysis of translation elongation factor-1α sequence. Interestingly, it is the first time F. oxysporum is reported as a causal pathogen of wilt and root-rot disease of tea in Vietnam. Chaetomium spp. were investigated to control F. oxysporum NHP-Fusa-2 in in vitro test. Three antagonists (Ch. cupreum CC3003, Ch. globosum CG05, and Ch. lucknowense CL01) inhibited mycelial growth by 31.69–34.03% and reduced conidial production of the pathogen by 67.25–75.92% in the bi-culture antagonistic test after 30 days with non-significant difference in their effect. All the crude extracts of these antagonists significantly inhibited mycelial growth and conidial production of NHP-Fusa-2. MeOH extract of CC3003 was more effective in conidial inhibition of the pathogen than the others, the effective dose (ED<inf>50</inf>) was 85.30 μg/ml of which, it was hexane (49.32 μg/ml) and EtOAc extract (62.17 μg/ml) in the case of CG05 and CL01, respectively.
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