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    Toward Interoperable SCADA: Node-RED-Based Edge Integration of Heterogeneous PLCs and IoT Devices
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Kaewchaiwong, Sattachai
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    Ukakimaparn, Prapart
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    This article presents a novel approach to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) design that emphasizes interoperability through edge integration, using Node-RED as an open-source programming platform deployed on an industrial edge computer. The proposed architecture integrates multiple-vendor programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway at the edge layer to enable seamless interoperability across local control systems. A lab-scale case study demonstrates the feasibility of this integration, featuring four remote terminal units (RTUs) communicating concurrently with a SIMATIC IPC327G edge computer via standard protocols. Specifically, a SIMATIC S7-1200 (RTU-1), MELSEC iQ-F FX5U (RTU-2), and CompactLogix 1769-L30ER (RTU-3) control an object sorting station, a parcel sorting station, a water temperature control station, respectively, while a UG65 gateway (RTU-4) enables bidirectional data transfer between the edge computer and LoRaWAN devices. The inclusion of InfluxDB alongside Node-RED supports data logging and reporting functionalities. By distributing protocol translation, data processing, and shop-floor supervisory control to the edge layer, the architecture achieves real-time, vendor-neutral data orchestration while maintaining compatibility with a higher-level SCADA master terminal unit (MTU) or cloud system. Experimental results from both functional and performance testing confirm the system’s viability as a cost-effective, vendor-agnostic solution for modern industrial automation, offering a scalable model for multi-protocol industrial environments.
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    Design of a multiple-input parallel SC DC-DC converter and its efficiencyestimation method
    (2009-09-01)
    Eguchi, Kei
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    Sugimura, Tatsuya
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    Tirasesth, Kitti
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    Sasaki, Hirofumi
    A multiple-input parallel SC (Switched Capacitor) DC-DC converter and itsefficiency estimation method are proposed in this paper. The proposed parallelconverter consists of two different kinds of converter blocks: 1. a 1.5×step-up SC DC-DC converter employing an input voltage from a lithium battery and2. a novel step-up converter employing an input voltage from clean energysupplies. Since the proposed step-up converter can achieve not only a largestep-up conversion ratio but also a wide input range, the proposed parallelconverter enables us to extend battery runtime, reduction of heat, and so on.Furthermore, concerning the proposed converter, theoretical analyses areperformed to estimate power efficiency. The proposed analysis technique can beextended to the circuit design of other SC DC-DC converters. The validity ofcircuit design and theoretical formulas is confirmed by SPICE simulations.ICIC International © 2009.
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    Design of 5x step-up sc dc-dc converter for industrial wireless transmitter
    (2011-08-01) ;
    Kunsri-U-Chane, Kachane
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    Smerpituk, Krit
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    Eguchi, Kei
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    Sasaki, Hirofumi
    In this paper, a 5x step-up switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter utilizing solar energy for industrial wireless transmitters is presented. A wireless transmitter can be supplied by its internal battery in combination with the proposed converter for long battery runtime. A Rosemount wireless transmitter from Emerson Process Management Company is used as a target application example in process measurement. The proposed converter is designed for receiving 1.5 V solar cells and powering 7.5 V connected in parallel with wireless transmitter battery. The validity of circuit design is conrmed by theoretical analysis and SPICE simulation. The derived formulas will be helpful to estimate circuit characteristics. Moreover, SPICE simulation values agree well with theoretical results.
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    Using wired hart and wirelesshart together for PLC and SCADA system
    (2015-01-01) ; ; ;
    Subpayasomboon, Siramet
    Wireless Technology has promoted in the process automation because it does not require power and communication wiring for field instruments that enables reduced engineering cost. At the same time, end-users consider the developments of process automation by using wireless devices due to the growing of the new plants and replacing analog or wired HART plants. The paper presents a technique to modify wired HART device to be WirelessHART device and to configure it for communication with other WirelessHART devices. A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA system is used to provide centralized device information, historian, and HMI. Installation and configuration techniques of wired HART, THUM adapter or repeater, WirelessHART, HART gateway are described. In addition, engineering and SCADA software are assigned based on OPC to share WirelessHART data with gateway, PLC and SCADA system. The experimental results by using S7-300 Siemens PLC, WW InTouch, and HART devices in level process control are included to confirm the system workability. Moreover, the technique could be applied to collect data for end-user support to quickly and easily gain the benefits of device diagnostic and to decide the plant operation and planning.
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    Design of a dual-input SC DC-DC converter realizing negative outputs
    (2011-01-01)
    Eguchi, Kei
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    Tirasesth, Kitti
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    Sasaki, Hirofumi
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    Zhu, Hongbing
    Aimed at a back-lighting application, a dual-input switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter with battery charge process is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter can realize -1/N× (N = 2,3,.) step-down conversion as well as (N + 1)/N× step-up conversion. By converting clean energy such as solar energy, the proposed dual-input converter not only drives light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but also recharges the battery, although conventional single-input converter only consumes battery energy. In the proposed converter, the -1/N× stepped-down voltage is generated to drive the LED's cathode when the input voltage is insufficient to drive a 1× transfer mode. Furthermore, unlike conventional converters, the battery is charged by the (N + 1)/N× stepped-up voltage when the LED back light is in standby mode. Hence, the proposed converter can realize long battery run time. The validity of circuit design is confirmed by theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments. The derived theoretical formulas will be helpful to estimate circuit characteristics, because the theoretical results correspond well with the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation results. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
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    Design of step up and down Bi-directional switched capacitor DC-DC converter
    (2012-02-01) ;
    Smerpituk, Krit
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    Eguchi, Kei
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    Sasaki, Hirofumi
    This paper presents the design technique to implement a DC-DC converter that can convert input voltage with step-up or step-down, and bi-directional power flow. The conversion ratio and power efficiency of the converter can be specified by circuit structure, which has capacitors connected in parallel or series configuration. The conversion ratios of step up and step down are 2x, 3x, 4x,... and 1/2x, 1/3x, 1/4x,..., respectively. The direction of power flow can be controlled by state of input and output switches. SPICE simulation results show that output voltage and power efficiency of the proposed converter agree well with theoretical values. © 2012 ICIC International.
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    Modeling uncertainties in DC-DC converters with MAtLab® and PLECS®
    (2018-11-07)
    Asadi, Farzin
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    Eguchi, Kei
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    Trung, Ngo Lam
    Modeling is the process of formulating a mathematical description of the system. A model, no matter how detailed, is never a completely accurate representation of a real physical system. A mathematical model is always just an approximation of the true, physical reality of the system dynamics. Uncertainty refers to the differences or errors between model and real systems and whatever methodology is used to present these errors will be called an uncertainty model. Successful robust control-system design would depend on, to a certain extent, an appropriate description of the perturbation considered. Modeling the uncertainties in the switch mode DC-DC converters is an important step in designing robust controllers. This book studies different techniques which can be used to extract the uncertain model of DC-DC converters. Once the uncertain model is extracted, robust control techniques such as H<inf>1</inf> and µ synthesis can be used to design the robust controller. The book composed of two case studies. The first one is a buck converter and the second one is a Zeta converter. MATLAB<sup>®</sup> programming is used extensively throughout the book. Some sections use PLECS<sup>®</sup> as well. This book is intended to be guide for both academicians and practicing engineers.
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    PFD analysis of LNG fuel gas supply system for improving combined-cycle power plant safety
    In order to determine an unavailability of each safety function subsystem that influences on an overall unavailability of entire protection system for safety analysis and enhancement, a modeling is required. This article presents a safety system modeling to evaluate the detected–undetected failures and repairable behaviors of each safety function subsystem in the studied fuel gas supply system (FGSS), which is utilized in a combined-cycle power plant. The proposed modeling deals with probability of failure on demand (PFD) analysis for calculation of the unavailability of three safety function subsystems, which are gas analytical subsystem (GAS), fuel gas controller subsystem (FGC), and shutdown valve subsystem (SDV). The interested GAS includes two different groups of gas analyzers in 2-out-of-2 (2oo2) voting scheme, when using three gas analyzers in each group in 2-out-of-3 and diagnosis (2oo3D) voting scheme. The interested FGC consists of two controllers in 2oo2 voting scheme, when the structure of each controller is in 1-out-of-1 and diagnosis (1oo1D) voting scheme. The interested SDV consists of two shutdown valves, which are installed in 1-out-of-2 (1oo2) voting scheme. The reliability block diagram is utilized for representative of combination of all three safety function subsystems, and the fault tree is utilized for calculation of PFD unavailability of each safety function subsystem. As the results obtained from the proposed safety function modeling, the influence of three safety function subsystems on the total unavailability of the FGSS is described. In addition, an example of the proposed modeling application to provide two guidelines for effective engineering design and operation is also presented. The first is a guideline to implement an effective human machine interface (HMI) at an operator workstation for real-time monitoring of the studied FGSS in the presence of failures that can be automatically detected by device diagnosis. The latter is a guideline to maintain and troubleshoot the failures that can be revealed by proof test. Based on diagnostic information and proof test results, operation and maintenance savings can be achieved.
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    Simple CCO using cciis and S-R latch and its application
    (2010-06-01) ; ; ;
    Sasaki, Hlrofumi
    This article presents a, simple circuit technique based on commerciallyavailable devices to realize current controlled, oscillator (CCO) with twolow-impedance input terminals. By suitably setting two input signals, the linearfrequency-current relation of the proposed CCO can be either positive ornegative slope in the same circuit configuration. The oscillating outputfrequency linearly proportional to the difference between two input currents canbe obtained. The realization method is employed in second-generation currentconveyors (CCIIs) and, Set-Reset (S-R) latch. Experimental results verifyingperformances of the proposed, CCO are closely agreed, with expected, values. Toshow the usefulness of the proposed, oscillator, an application example incurrent-mode variable- frequency control for buck converter is also included.ICIC International © 2010.
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    Hmi implementation using radar chart for dual-loop system
    This article presents a method to implement the Human Machine Inter-face (HMI) for providing high visibility of dual-loop system to encourage good operations and maintenance practices. The proposed method is based on the employment of radar chart to display key performance metrics of simultaneous and independent control of two identical loops for extensive event monitoring. Two level control loops utilizing two Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) function blocks of a single Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) are used as the case study to show the workability of the proposed HMI implementation. Each loop consists of a transmitter for measuring the controlled level an inverter for inverting the PLC output to adjust a pump speed, and a power meter form easuring the pump power consumption. The transmitter outputs from both control loops are applied to the PLC analog input module, and then separately scaled to be available to each PID block. The PLC analog output module is used to pass the PID block outputs for manipulating inlet flow rates. The performance metrics including the set point, process variable, manipulated variable, and pump power consumption of both control loops are detected and collected by the HMI/Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)station. All detected data of four performance metrics are represented on the axes of radar chart in real time by using the Wonder ware In Touch software. The script functions to save and load the specified data to the SQL server database are also created on the HMI/SCADA station. Experimental results confirm that the proposed HMI implementation can function correctly.