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    ZnO Nanorods Grown on Heterogenous Ag Seed Layers for Single-Cell Fluorescence Bioassays
    (2021-07-23)
    Muensri, Phitchaya
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    Treetong, Alongkot
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    Namdee, Katawut
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    Kasamechonchung, Panita
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    Wutikhun, Tuksadon
    Here we demonstrate the controllability of the morphology of hydrothermal ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) grown on heterogenous Ag seed layers. By varying the crystal orientation of silver thin films (Ag), a high density of ZnO-NRs could be obtained. We find that the density of ZnO-NRs strongly relates to the peak intensity ratio between (111) and (200) planes of Ag thin films due to a heteroepitaxy between (0002) ZnO and (111) Ag rather than that of grain boundary nucleation and/or surface nucleation. In addition, the optimized heterostructure of ZnO nanorod/Ag arrays is investigated via a critical concentration for nucleation and used as a fluorescence enhancement substrate (FES). The experimental results have shown that the FES presents an ability to detect a biological sample (PC-3 cell) with a high sensitivity and low detection limit of 1 cell/μL. Our results highlight that understanding an important key to control and design the morphology of heterogeneous hydrothermal ZnO-NR growth is essential to open up the opportunities for fundamental studies and applications in high-performance integrated nanodevices.
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    Vertical alignment TiO2 nanotube based on Ti film prepared via anodization technique
    (2016-01-01)
    Aimpanakit, Kamon
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    Jessadaluk, Sukittaya
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    Tongmaha, Sunisa
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    Supati, Attawit
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    A highly ordered nanotube TiO<inf>2</inf> was successfully prepared from sputtered Ti metal film using anodization process. Ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride was introduced as the electrolyte solution. The applied of anodizing voltage was systematically controlled between 20-60 volts along fabrication process, respectively. The physical characteristic of the fabricated TiO<inf>2</inf> nanotube including anodizing rate, tube diameter and tube width was investigated through the characterization system as field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). According to cross-section FE-SEM photograph, the anodizing rate and tube width significantly increases when the anodizing voltage was future increased due to higher the electric field. Moreover, the tube diameter directly depends with the anodizing voltage also. The anodizing voltage provides a significant role on the feature of TiO<inf>2</inf> nanotube. Finally, the fabricated nanotube TiO<inf>2</inf> is potentially promising for Photo-activated application and Nanostructure template.
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    Determination of thickness and optical properties of tantalum oxide thin films by spectroscopic ellipsometry
    (2014-01-01)
    Chananonnawathorn, Chanunthorn
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    Srichaiyaperk, Thanat
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    Samransuksamer, Benjarong
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    Horprathum, Mati
    Tantalum oxide (Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>) thin films were prepared, at different deposition time, by a DC reactive magnetron sputtering. During the deposition, a high-quality tantalum target was sputtered under argon and oxygen ambience on to silicon (100) and glass substrates. The prepared thin films were systematically characterized for both physical and optical properties based on spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and consequently confirmed by several methods. With the SE physical models, we could determine the thin film thickness as well as their inhomogeneity. The films thickness results were directly confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) used to observe cross-sections, and surface profiler used to measure the physical thickness of the films. With the SE optical models, we applied both the Cauchy and Tauc-Lorentz dispersions in order to obtain the optical constants, to be directly compared with those from the Swanepoel method (SM). Our result showed that from the SE analyses, the SE physical model was obtained as the multi-layer configurations. The obtained Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin film thickness was closely related with the measured result from the FE-SEM cross-sectional micrographs and the surface profiler. For the optical characteristic, the double layer physical model was best optimized with the Tauc Lorentz dispersion model for the most accurate results. In comparison, the SM technique also demonstrated a capability to determine both the film thickness and its refractive index only from some samples. Therefore, this study proved that the SE technique successfully and accurately determine both the physical and optical properties of the Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin films. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Fabrication of zinc oxide nanorods for photoelectrochemical water splitting application
    (2016-01-01)
    Phetban, Poosuda
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    Kalasung, Sukol
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    Jessadaluk, Sukukittaya
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    Horprathum, Mati
    Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO-NRs) as a photoelectrochemical water splitting electrode have been fabricated by the seed-assisted hydrothermal process. Initially, ZnO-seed thin film was deposited on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) via DC magnetron sputtering system. Period to fabricate ZnO-NRs, the precursor concentration of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were precisely controlled during 10-50 mM, meanwhile the ratio was constantly kept at 1:1. The crystallography and surface morphology of the fabricated ZnO-NRs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The XRD patterns perform wurtzite ZnO crystal structure of with the prefered orientation in (002) and (101) plane. According to FE-SEM photograph, growth rate, density and diameter of the fabricated ZnO-NRs electrode significantly increase, with the increasing of the precursor concentration. This precursor concentration provides a crucial role on the feature of ZnO-NRs for photoelectrochemical water splitting electrode. Finally, the photoelectrochemical water splitting performance was examined and provided that the precursor concentration became close to 30 mM in 1 M Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> exhibited the highest photocurrent.
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    Effects of thermal treatment on hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance of Ti surface
    (2019-03-01)
    Boonrungsiman, Suwimon
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    Prompinit, Panida
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    Khemthong, Pongtanawat
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    Wutikhun, Tuksadon
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    Treethong, Alongkot
    Surface treatment of titanium (Ti) surface has been extensively studied to improve its properties for biomedical applications, including hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and tissue integration. In this present work, we present the effects of thermal oxidation as surface modification method on metallic titanium (Ti). The Ti foils were oxidized at 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C under air atmosphere for 3 hours, which formed oxide layer on Ti surface. The physicochemical properties including surface chemistry, roughness, and thickness of the oxide layer were evaluated in order to investigate how these factors affected surface hydrophilicity, microhardness, and corrosion resistance properties of the Ti surface. The results revealed that surfaces of all oxidized samples were modified by formation of titanium dioxide layer, of which morphology, phase, and thickness were changed according to the oxidized temperatures. Increasing oxidation temperature led to the formation of thicker oxide layer and phase transformation of anatase to rutile. The presence of the oxide layer helped the improvement of corrosion resistance and microhardness. The most improvement in surface roughness was found in the specimens treated at 400°C, which significantly improved surface hydrophilicity. But both surface roughness and hydrophilicity reduced when oxidized at 500°C and 600°C, suggesting that hydrophilicity was dominated by the surface roughness. In addition, this surface treatment did not reduce the biocompatibility of the metallic Ti substrates against murine osteoblasts (MC3T3).
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    High performance metal surface coating using Ta2O5 thin film prepared by D. C. magnetron sputtering
    (2014-01-01) ;
    Chananonnawathorn, Chanunthorn
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    Horprathum, Mati
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    Eiamchai, Pitak
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    Chindaudom, Pongpan
    Tantalum oxide (Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>) thin films were deposited as the protective layers for the metal surface finishing by the DC reactive magnetron sputtering system. The effect of the Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> film thickness, ranging from 25 nm to 200 nm, on the physical properties and the anti-corrosive performance were investigated. The grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to examine the crystal structures and the surface topologies of the prepared films, respectively. The XRD results showed that the Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin films were all amorphous. The AFM micrographs demonstrated the film morphology with quite smooth surface features. The surface roughness tended to be rough when the film thickness was increased. To examine the protective performance of the films, the poteniostat and galvanometer was utilized to examine the electrochemical activities with the 1M NaCl as the corrosive electrolyte. The results from the I-V polarization curves (Tafel slope) indicated that, with the Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin film, the current density was significantly reduced by 3 orders of magnitude when compared with the blank sample. Such results were observed because of fully encapsulated surface of the samples were covered with the sputtered Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin films. The study also showed that the Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin film deposited at 50 nm yielded the most extreme protective performance. The Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin films therefore could be optimized for the smallest film thickness for highly potential role in the protective performance of the metal surface finishing products. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Selective formations of antimony-dopant for highly sensitive nitrogen dioxide responsive behavior of tin oxide-based chemiresistive sensor
    (2025-02-15)
    Rattanawarinchai, Prapakorn
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    ; ; ;
    Here, selective formation of antimony (Sb) dopant species responsible for highly sensitive gas sensors based on tin oxide (SnO<inf>2</inf>) film grown via pulsed laser deposition is presented. By elevating a forming energy through controlling substrate temperature, not only crystallinity of Sb-SnO<inf>2</inf> (ATO) is notably enhanced but the Sb<sup>5 +</sup> also predominantly replace at Sn<sup>4+</sup> site rather than Sb<sup>3+</sup> counterpart. Such Sb-species selection plays a crucial role on the density of oxygen vacancy and free electron enabling to rationally design conductive behaviour of ATO film from insulative to degenerated semiconductor. As a practical example, detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO<inf>2</inf>) gas is selected as an application model. We found a narrow window for high NO<inf>2</inf> sensing performance of ATO film which strongly corresponds with the amount of carrier density. At certain window, ATO film exhibits high NO<inf>2</inf> response of 24.65 (10 ppm) and low limit of detection of 0.5 ppm, which is 5-fold higher and 10-fold lower than that of undoped-SnO<inf>2</inf>, respectively. Our finding demonstrates a facile approach to design over the chemical state, defect, and conductivity of the active sensing layer, allowing us to achieve an excellent sensing performance of functional materials conjugated to a nano-electronic platform.
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    Influence of Antimony Species on Electrical Properties of Sb-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
    (2023-06-01)
    Jessadaluk, Sukittaya
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    ; ; ;
    This study systematically investigates the influence of antimony (Sb) species on the electrical properties of Sb-doped zinc oxide (SZO) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen-rich environment. The Sb species-related defects were controlled through a qualitative change in energy per atom by increasing the Sb content in the Sb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>:ZnO-ablating target. By increasing the content of Sb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (wt.%) in the target, Sb<sup>3+</sup> became the dominant Sb ablation species in the plasma plume. Consequently, n-type conductivity was converted to p-type conductivity in the SZO thin films prepared using the ablating target containing 2 wt.% Sb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. The substituted Sb species in the Zn site (Sb<inf>Zn</inf><sup>3+</sup> and Sb<inf>Zn</inf><sup>+</sup>) were responsible for forming n-type conductivity at low-level Sb doping. On the other hand, the Sb–Zn complex defects (Sb<inf>Zn</inf>–2V<inf>Zn</inf>) contributed to the formation of p-type conductivity at high-level doping. The increase in Sb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> content in the ablating target, leading to a qualitative change in energy per Sb ion, offers a new pathway to achieve high-performing optoelectronics using ZnO-based p–n junctions.
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    Laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and sensitive serological detection: A case study on dengue detection platform
    (2025-06-01)
    Inlumphan, Supawee
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    ; ;
    Rattanawarinchai, Prapakorn
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    Leepheng, Piyawan
    Here, we present a diagnostic on a chip platform based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrochemical immunosensors for serological detection. The electrochemical immunosensors are fabricated through CO<inf>2</inf> laser induction on polyimide (PI) sheets. Optimal electrochemical activity of LIG electrodes is obtained under optimized conditions of laser fluence. To verify the application, the serological detection platform was demonstrated. After functionalization with dengue virus (DENV) antigen, the LIG electrochemical immunosensors are able to sense the presence of mouse anti-flavivirus monoclonal (4G2) antibody in a wide linear working range of 25–20,000 ng/ml with the limit of detection (LOD) of 17.41 ng/ml. A specific recognition with 4G2 antibodies against with media protein and isotype is confirmed. Furthermore, the reliability of LIG electrochemical immunosensors compared to conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is verified through the NS1 antibodies identification in human blood serum clinical samples at room temperature. Our results highlight that the LIG-based electrode is a promising platform for electrochemical immunosensors, aimed at developing reliable and practical diagnostic tools for serological detection. These tools enable early diagnosis of infectious diseases, as well as non-invasive and rapid screening.
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    Effect of operated pressure on anticorrosive behavior of Ta2O5 thin film grown by D.C. reactive magnetron sputtering system
    (2013-10-29) ;
    Chananonnawathorn, Chanunthorn
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    Horprathum, Mati
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    Rayanasukha, Yossawat
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    Tantalum oxide (Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>) thin films, 100 nm thick were deposited by D.C. reactive magnetron sputtering system at different operated pressure on unheated p-type silicon (100) wafer and 304 stainless substrates. Their crystalline structure, film surface morphology and optical properties, as well as anticorrosive behavior, were investigated. The structure and morphology of films were characterized by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical properties were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The corrosion performances of the films were investigated through potentiostat and immersion tests in 1 M NaCl solutions. The results showed that as-deposited Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin films were amorphous. The refractive index varied from 2.06 to 2.17 (at 550 nm) with increasing operated pressure. The corrosion rate of Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin film improves as the operated pressure decreases. The Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> thin films deposited at 3 mTorr operated pressure could be exhibited high performance anticorrosive behavior. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.