Polyorach, Sineenart

Preferred name

Alternative Name

Polyorach, S.

Main Affiliation

School of Agricultural Technology

sineenart.po@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 30

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Utilization of Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) Pomace Meal to Substitute Rice Bran on Feed Utilization and Rumen Fermentation in Tropical Beef Cattle
(2022-11-01)
Gunun, Nirawan
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Polyorach, Sineenart
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Kaewpila, Chatchai
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Kimprasit, Thachawech
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. Four crossbred (50% Brahman × 50% Thai native) beef cattle with an initial body weight of 195 ± 13 kg and 16 months of age were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments included four levels of RB replacement with mao pomace meal at 0, 33, 67, and 100% in concentrate diets. Rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. Replacement of mao pomace meal with rice bran did not affect (p > 0.05) the intakes of concentrate, rice straw, and total dry matter intake. Ether extract intake decreased linearly when increasing the levels of mao pomace meal (p < 0.01). The experimental diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the digestibility of fiber and crude protein, while dry matter, organic matter, and ether extract digestibility decreased linearly in the group of mao pomace meal replacing rice bran (p < 0.05). Increasing levels of mao pomace meal in concentrate diets did not alter rumen pH, ammonia–nitrogen, or total volatile fatty acid concentration (p > 0.05). The proportion of propionate increased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas acetate and the acetate to propionate ratio decreased linearly (p < 0.05) when replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal. Moreover, the proportion of propionate was greatest, while acetate was lowest when mao pomace meal was included at 100% in the concentrate diet. In conclusion, the replacement of rice bran with mao pomace meal in a diet could enhance the efficiency of rumen fermentation. Nonetheless, it reduced the digestion of nutrients in tropical beef cattle.
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Chemical and fatty acid composition, collagen, calpain and troponin T contents and quality characteristics of five muscle types in native Thai cattle
(2024-03-01)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sommart, Kritapon
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Adeyemi, Kazeem D.
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Polyorach, Sineenart
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Lukkananukool, Achara
In this study, chemical composition, fatty acids, collagen solubility, calpains, and troponin T degradation were investigated in various muscles of native Thai cattle (NTC). Five muscles, namely Bicep femoris, Infraspinatus, Longissimus thoracis, Supraspinatus and Semimembranosus were sampled from five Kho Isaan bulls. Moisture content of Longissimus thoracis was lower (p < 0.05) than others. Protein content of Longissimus thoracis, Bicep femoris and Semimembranosus was higher (p < 0.05) than that of Infraspinatus and Supraspinatus. Infraspinatus and Longissimus thoracis had higher fat content (p < 0.05) than Bicep femoris and Semimembranosus. Muscle pH, color, and drip loss did not differ between muscles. Semimembranosus and Supraspinatus showed higher cook loss (p < 0.05) than Infraspinatus and Longissimus thoracis. Infraspinatus had the lowest Warner–Bratzler shear force (p < 0.05). Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Bicep femoris had higher (p < 0.05) soluble, insoluble and total collagen content than Semimembranosus and Longissimus thoracis. Infraspinatus had higher collagen solubility than Semimembranosus and Supraspinatus. Collagen content and solubility were not affected by ageing time. The relative band intensities of intact troponin T and its degradation product at 2- and 14-days postmortem were higher in Longissimus thoracis than in other muscles. Infraspinatus and Supraspinatus had significantly higher expression of m-calpain and calpastatin genes than Longissimus thoracis, Bicep femoris, and Semimembranosus. Total fatty acid was higher while the percentage of C22:6n-3 was lower in Infraspinatus and Longissimus thoracis (p < 0.05) than in other muscles. These results show differences in specific nutritional, technological and eating quality characteristics of NTC muscles and thus provide information for optimizing storage and processing conditions for various NTC muscles.
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Comparison of cost and return between double crop with one crop per year of Maize Community Enterprise in Hin Sorn Subdistrict, Saraburi Province
(2024-05-01)
Khermkhan, J.
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Polyorach, S.
The Hin Son Sub-district Maize Community Enterprise is employed two distinct planting systems of double cropping and single-crop cultivation per year. The findings revealed that under the single-crop approach, the average production cost amounted to 3,630 baht per rai, yielding returns of 7,400 baht per rai annually, resulting in a profit of 3,770 baht per rai per year. In contrast, the double crop method incurred costs of 3,130 baht per rai, with yields reached 19,240 baht per rai. Consequently, this approach is generated profits of 12,980 baht per rai annually, or 6,490 baht per rai per crop for each planting cycle.
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The Effect of Phytonutrients in Terminalia chebula Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats
(2022-08-01)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Wanapat, Metha
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Polyorach, Sineenart
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula meal (TCM) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and protozoal population in goats. Eight goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 13 ± 3.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive different levels of TCM supplementation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. The goats were fed with concentrate diets at 13 g/kg BW, while rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. The results revealed that the feed intake and the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (CP) digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when supplemented with TCM at 24 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05). The addition of TCM did not change the ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas the concentration of NH<inf>3</inf>-N at 4 h post feeding was reduced with the inclusion of TCM at 16 and 24 g/kg of total DM intake. The total numbers of bacteria were enhanced by the addition of TCM, while the protozoal population, in both entodiniomorph and holotrich, was reduced (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TCM did not change the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid, or butyric acid, while the propionic acid concentration at 4-h post feeding increased significantly, especially when supplemented at 16 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05. In addition, urinary nitrogen (N) excretion decreased, while fecal N excretion, N absorption, N retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake increased with the inclusion of TCM at all levels. In summary, the inclusion of TCM could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and N balance without having an adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen ecology; however, the protozoal population decreased. Therefore, this study suggests that TCM (16 g/kg of total DM intake) could be used as a plant source for rumen enhancement in goats fed a diet based on rice straw without having an adverse effect on feed intake or nutrient digestion. However, further studies on the production of types of meat and milk that have a long-term feeding trial should be carried out.
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Preharvest Salicylic Acid Application Enhances Pigments, Antioxidants, and Secondary Metabolites in Cannabis sativa L.
(2026-03-01)
Montri, Nattaya
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Tebdoie, Chachpon
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Kongchinda, Papitchaya
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Singhavorachai, Pornjarus
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Tontiworachai, Borworn
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signaling molecule regulating secondary metabolism and stress responses in plants, but its preharvest role as a low-cost elicitor in cannabis remains underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of preharvest foliar SA application at different concentrations and application intervals on pigments, antioxidants, and cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. leaves and inflorescences. In leaves, moderate SA (0.1 M) significantly enhanced total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity (%DPPH inhibition), while higher concentrations suppressed these responses, reflecting a regulated metabolic trade-off rather than irreversible tissue damage. A significant interaction between SA concentration and preharvest time was observed for chlorophyll a (p < 0.01), whereas chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were not significantly influenced by the interaction. In inflorescences, short-term application of 0.1 M SA (1 h preharvest) maximized phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and pigment accumulation, whereas the untreated controls showed the lowest levels. Cannabinoids exhibited distinct responses: Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC), total tetrahydrocannabinol (Total THC), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) peaked at 0.1 M SA applied 1 h preharvest, while cannabidiol (CBD) was less concentration-dependent, with maximum accumulation observed at 1.0 M SA applied 24 h preharvest. Preharvest SA elicitation strongly modulated cannabis secondary metabolism. Short-term application of moderate SA promoted total phenolic, total flavonoid, antioxidant, pigment, and THC-group cannabinoid accumulation, while CBD displayed broader tolerance to concentration and application timing. These findings highlighted the potential of SA as a preharvest elicitor to improve cannabis phytochemical quality.
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Feed Efficiency and Growth Performance in Thai Beef Cattle Fed Cricket Meal as a Soybean Meal Replacement
(2025-01-01)
Khonkhaeng, Benjamad
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Wanapat, Metha
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So, Sarong
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Lunpha, Areerat
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Pilajun, Ruangyote
Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) is a high-protein insect species with a favorable amino acid and fatty acid profile, widely recognized as an alternative to soybean meal in nonruminant diets. However, research on its use in ruminant nutrition remains limited, particularly regarding its effects on feed efficiency and performance. This study evaluated the impact of completely replacing soybean meal with cricket meal on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial populations, and growth performance in Thai native beef cattle. Eight male Thai native beef cattle (150 ± 15 kg; ∼2 years old) were used in a completely randomized design with two dietary treatments (n = 4 per group). One group received a conventional soybean meal–based diet, while the other received a diet in which 100% of the soybean meal was replaced with cricket meal at an inclusion level of 12% of dry matter. Both diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Feed intake was similar between treatments. Crude protein digestibility was higher in the cricket meal group (67.5%) compared to the soybean meal group (63.7%; p = 0.04), while other digestibility parameters showed no differences. Blood metabolites, rumen fermentation characteristics, and microbial populations were unaffected by dietary treatment. Cattle fed the cricket meal-based diet showed greater average daily gain (+55.7%; p = 0.02) and a 32.9% improvement in feed conversion ratio (p = 0.02) compared to cattle fed the soybean meal–based diet. These results suggest that cricket meal can serve as a complete replacement for soybean meal in beef cattle diets, enhancing protein digestibility and growth performance without compromising rumen function.
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Replacing Concentrate with Yeast- or EM-Fermented Cassava Peel (YFCP or EMFCP): Effects on the Feed Intake, Feed Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Growth Performance of Goats
(2023-02-01)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Wanapat, Metha
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Polyorach, Sineenart
The goal of this study was to improve the nutritional value of cassava peel by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or effective microorganisms (EM), then use it as a replacement for concentrate, and examine the effects on the feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of goats. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD), and the dietary treatments were (1) concentrate, (2) replacement of the concentrate by yeast-fermented cassava peel (YFCP) at 50% and (3) replacement of the concentrate by EM-fermented cassava peel (EMFCP) at 50%. Twelve goats were given concentrate based on their treatments at a rate of 1.5% of their body weight. Rice straw was used as roughage and fed freely. It was found that the crude protein (CP) content of the cassava peel from 2.1% to 13.7–13.8% after 14 days of fermentation. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of the feed intake, feed digestibility, ruminal pH, blood urea nitrogen concentration, volatile fatty acid profile, overall average daily gain, and feed efficiency. However, the cost of the feed per gain decreased when the YFCP or EMFCP was used instead of the concentrate. Based on the results of this experiment, it was possible to conclude that yeast or EM might be utilized as microorganisms to increase the nutritional value of cassava peel. Moreover, YFCP or EMFCP can replace concentrate by up to 50% without an impact on the feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and the growth performance; whereas, it can reduce the feed cost per gain up to 32%.
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Potential Use of Kasedbok (Neptunia javanica Miq.) on Feed Intake, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Populations in Thai Native Beef Cattle
(2023-02-01)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Polyorach, Sineenart
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Kaewwongsa, Walailuck
This experiment was conducted to determine the influence of Kasedbok (Neptunia javanica Miq.) on the feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and microbial population in Thai Native beef cattle. Four animals with a mean body weight of 295 ± 15 kg were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four treatments, utilizing 0, 80, 160, and 240 g/kg Kasedbok in concentrate. Local feed resources, including cassava chips, rice bran, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal, were utilized to formulate the concentrate diets, which contained between 11.8 and 12.0% crude protein (CP). The trial was conducted for four periods of three weeks each. The first two weeks consisted of an adaptation period, while the final week was a sampling period. The findings of the current study reveal that feed intake, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were similar between treatments. In addition, there was no effect of Kasedbok levels on rumen pH, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, or volatile fatty acid. However, increasing the inclusion level of Kasedbok linearly decreased CP digestibility and ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>3</inf>-N) concentration (p = 0.04). In contrast, the population of fungal zoospores improved significantly (p = 0.03), while the bacterial and protozoal counts remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Furthermore, when the level of Kasedbok was increased from 0 to 80, 160, and 240 g/kg DM, the cost of concentrate decreased by 4.1, 7.8, and 10.6 USD/100 kg DM, respectively. The results of this experiment suggest that utilizing 240 g/kg of Kasedbok in a concentrated mixture will not affect feed utilization, rumen fermentation, improve microbial population, and reduce feed cost in Thai native beef cattle.
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Enhancing the shelf-life of washed eggs using a gelatin-based coating enriched with pomegranate peel extract under tropical storage conditions
(2026-06-01)
Thiangtae, Siwimol
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Srikijkasemwat, Kanokrat
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Kaewhom, Paitoon
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Kongrith, Chunya
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Polyorach, Sineenart
Egg washing effectively improves food safety but accelerates quality deterioration by removing the natural cuticle, especially during ambient storage. This study investigated the efficacy of a gelatin-based edible coating incorporated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in preserving the internal quality of washed chicken eggs stored at room temperature (25–30°C). Eggs were assigned to four treatments: uncoated control (UC), gelatin-only (GEL), and gelatin containing 1.0% (GEL-PPE1.0) or 1.5% PPE (GEL-PPE1.5), and evaluated over 28 days. The results showed that GEL-PPE1.5 significantly outperformed other groups in preserving internal quality (P ' 0.05). By Day 28, the GEL-PPE1.5 group maintained a Haugh unit (HU) of 55.59 ± 9.42, whereas the UC group dropped to 33.73 ± 17.29 (P ' 0.001). Similarly, the yolk index (YI) of the GEL-PPE1.5 group was 0.21 ± 0.02, compared to 0.11 ± 0.03 in UC eggs. The PPE coatings also moderate pH shifts; the albumen pH of the GEL-PPE1.5 group remained at 9.16 ± 0.20, significantly lower than the 9.61 ± 0.14 in the UC group (P ' 0.05). No microbial growth was detected in any treatment (' 10 CFU/g). The preservation efficacy arises from synergistic mechanisms: the gelatin matrix acts as a physical barrier to gas exchange, while the ellagic acid-rich PPE enhances biochemical stability by mitigating oxidative degradation. These findings demonstrate that PPE-fortified gelatin coatings provide a practical and bioactive strategy for maintaining egg freshness, offering a clear magnitude of protection for washed eggs in supply chains where refrigeration is limited.
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Effects of cassava leaves silage as protein source in dietary on growth and reproductive performance Lao native pig gilts
(2024-05-01)
Kandee, T.
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Chanthakhoun, V.
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Polyorach, S.
The control diet (CLS0) was formulated with soybean meal as main protein source, and the other 3 protein sources were derived from cassava leaves silage at 10 % (CLS10), 20 % (CLS20) and 30% (CLS30) respectively. All diet treatments included rice bran, and maize meal compound. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) during pregnancy was linearly decreased (P<0.05). The feed convert ratio (FCR) was linearly increased. While the litter weight (kg) and mean weight of piglet linearly decreased (P<0.05) when increasing CLS up to 30%. In conclusion the cassava leaves silage could potentially be used as protein source up to 20% in diet for an advantage of nutrient utilization and production during pregnant and reproductive performance of Lao native pigs.

Polyorach, Sineenart

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